Alves Felipe B, Goñi Adela S M, Fico Bruno A, Silva Vanessa S A, Orenha Renato P, Parreira Renato L T, Andrada Heber E, Montanha Gabriel Sgarbiero, da Silva Higor J F A, de Almeida Eduardo, de Carvalho Hudson W P, Chittolina Natália, Mastrangelo Clíssia B, Molina Eduardo F
University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando Salles Oliveira 201, Franca 14404-600, SP, Brazil.
Public University of Navarre, Arrosadia Campus, Av. Cataluña, 31006 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
Gels. 2025 Feb 26;11(3):167. doi: 10.3390/gels11030167.
In the 21st century, sustainable agriculture is expected to become a major contributor to food security and improved nutrition. Amine-epoxide-based materials have great potential for use in agriculture due to their tunable physicochemical features, which are dependent on the concentration and composition of the monomers. In this work, catalyst-free green synthesis, using only water as a solvent, was performed to obtain a nanocarrier (TGel) capable of transporting nutrients after seed priming. The synthesis was based on the opening of the epoxy ring by nucleophile attack, using an amine-terminated polyether. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques showed the spherical morphology of the particles, which ranged in size from 80 nm (unloaded TGel) to 360 nm (zinc-loaded TGel), respectively. Theoretical bonding analysis revealed that Zn cation species from the ZnSO source interact with the polymer via σ-bonds, whereas EDTA forms hydrogen bonds with the polymer, thereby enhancing noncovalent interactions. Micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF) provided details of the distributions of Zn in the seed compartments and shoots of cucumber plants after seed priming and plant growth, respectively. The use of the Zn-loaded TGels did not affect the physiology of the cucumber plants, as indicated by the photosynthetic efficacy, chlorophyll, and anthocyanin indices.
在21世纪，可持续农业有望成为粮食安全和营养改善的主要贡献者。基于胺-环氧化物的材料因其可调谐的物理化学特性而在农业中具有巨大的应用潜力，这些特性取决于单体的浓度和组成。在这项工作中，仅使用水作为溶剂进行了无催化剂的绿色合成，以获得一种能够在种子引发后运输养分的纳米载体（TGel）。该合成基于使用胺封端的聚醚通过亲核攻击打开环氧环。透射电子显微镜（TEM）和动态光散射（DLS）技术显示了颗粒的球形形态，其尺寸范围分别为80纳米（未负载的TGel）至360纳米（负载锌的TGel）。理论键合分析表明，来自ZnSO源的锌阳离子物种通过σ键与聚合物相互作用，而EDTA与聚合物形成氢键，从而增强非共价相互作用。微X射线荧光（μ-XRF）和能量色散X射线荧光光谱（EDXRF）分别提供了种子引发和植物生长后黄瓜植株种子区室和茎中锌分布的详细信息。如光合效率、叶绿素和花青素指数所示，使用负载锌的TGel不会影响黄瓜植株的生理状态。
