Nishino Daichi, Haginouchi Taketo, Shimogiri Takeshi, Muroya Susumu, Kawabata Kenji, Urasoko Saki, Oshima Ichiro, Yasuo Shinobu, Gotoh Takafumi
Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 8, Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0811, Japan.
Metabolites. 2025 Mar 19;15(3):209. doi: 10.3390/metabo15030209.
: This study investigated the long-term effects of maternal undernutrition on overall muscle metabolism, growth performance, and muscle characteristics in postnatal offspring of Wagyu (Japanese Black) cattle. : Wagyu cows were divided into nutrient-adequate (control, CNT; = 4, 120% of requirements) and nutrient-restricted groups (NR; = 4; 60% of requirements), and treated from day 35 of gestation until parturition. Diets were delivered on the basis of crude protein requirements, meeting 100% and 80% of dry matter requirements in CNT and NR groups, respectively. All offspring were provided with the same diet from birth to 300 days of age (d). Longissimus thoracis muscle (LM) samples were collected from the postnatal offspring. : The NR offspring had lower birth body weight, but their body weight caught up before weaning. These offspring showed enhanced efficiency in nutrient utilization during the post-weaning growth period. Comprehensive analyses of metabolites and transcripts revealed the accumulation of proteinogenic amino acid, asparagine, in NR offspring LM at 300 d, while the abundance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and succinate were reduced. These changes were accompanied by decreased gene expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (), NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A12 (), and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (), which are essential for mitochondrial energy production. Additionally, NR offspring LM exhibited decreased abundance of neurotransmitter, along with a higher proportion of slow-oxidative myofibers and a lower proportion of fast-oxidative myofibers at 300 d. : Offspring from nutrient-restricted cows might suppress muscle energy production, primarily in the mitochondria, and conserve energy expenditure for muscle protein synthesis. These findings suggest that maternal undernutrition programs a thrifty metabolism in offspring muscle, with long-term effects.
本研究调查了母体营养不足对和牛（日本黑牛）产后子代整体肌肉代谢、生长性能及肌肉特性的长期影响。将和牛母牛分为营养充足组（对照组，CNT；n = 4，需求量的120%）和营养限制组（NR；n = 4；需求量的60%），并从妊娠第35天至分娩进行处理。日粮根据粗蛋白需求量提供，分别满足CNT组和NR组干物质需求量的100%和80%。所有子代从出生至300日龄（d）均给予相同日粮。从产后子代采集胸最长肌（LM）样本。NR组子代出生体重较低，但在断奶前体重追赶上了。这些子代在断奶后生长期间营养利用效率提高。代谢物和转录本的综合分析显示，300 d时NR组子代LM中蛋白质生成氨基酸天冬酰胺积累，而烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NADH）和琥珀酸丰度降低。这些变化伴随着对线粒体能量产生至关重要的烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶（NAMPT）、NADH：泛醌氧化还原酶亚基A12（NDUFA12）和NADH脱氢酶亚基5（ND5）基因表达下降。此外，300 d时NR组子代LM中神经递质丰度降低，同时慢氧化型肌纤维比例较高，快氧化型肌纤维比例较低。营养受限母牛的子代可能主要在线粒体中抑制肌肉能量产生，并节省肌肉蛋白质合成的能量消耗。这些发现表明，母体营养不足会使子代肌肉形成一种节约型代谢，并产生长期影响。
