Leventoğlu Emre, Kavgaci Akif, Örün Utku Arman, Büyükkaragöz Bahar
Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Pediatr Nephrol. 2025 Mar 26. doi: 10.1007/s00467-025-06750-0.
Kidney diseases often have systemic effects, particularly affecting the cardiovascular system due to their shared embryological origins. The deterioration of kidney function can lead to significant cardiovascular complications. Many kidney disorders, especially congenital and cystic kidney diseases, are diagnosed in childhood, often coexisting with cardiovascular issues. This review focuses on the cardiovascular abnormalities associated with primary kidney diseases, exploring the genetic and pathophysiological connections between these dual conditions. Some primary kidney diseases with cardiovascular abnormalities include congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), polycystic kidney diseases (ADPKD and ARPKD), and glomerular diseases (nephrotic syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), IgA nephropathy, and Alport syndrome). These conditions often lead to hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, and other cardiac complications. For instance, ADPKD and ARPKD are associated with early vascular stiffness and cardiac valvular disorders. Nephrotic syndrome, particularly steroid-resistant form, is linked to elevated cardiovascular risks due to hyperlipidemia, endothelial injury, and an increased propensity for thrombosis. IgA nephropathy and FSGS are also associated with cardiovascular risks, exacerbated by kidney failure and hyperlipidemia. Alport syndrome, while primarily a glomerular disorder, can also result in serious cardiovascular complications like aortic dissection.
肾脏疾病常常具有全身影响，特别是由于它们共同的胚胎学起源而对心血管系统产生影响。肾功能恶化可导致严重的心血管并发症。许多肾脏疾病，尤其是先天性和囊性肾脏疾病，在儿童期被诊断出来，常常与心血管问题并存。本综述重点关注与原发性肾脏疾病相关的心血管异常，探讨这两种情况之间的遗传和病理生理联系。一些伴有心血管异常的原发性肾脏疾病包括先天性肾脏和尿路异常（CAKUT）、多囊肾病（ADPKD和ARPKD）以及肾小球疾病（肾病综合征、局灶节段性肾小球硬化症（FSGS）、IgA肾病和Alport综合征）。这些病症常常导致高血压、左心室肥厚和其他心脏并发症。例如，ADPKD和ARPKD与早期血管僵硬和心脏瓣膜疾病有关。肾病综合征，特别是激素抵抗型，由于高脂血症、内皮损伤和血栓形成倾向增加而与心血管风险升高相关。IgA肾病和FSGS也与心血管风险有关，肾衰竭和高脂血症会加剧这种风险。Alport综合征虽然主要是一种肾小球疾病，但也可导致诸如主动脉夹层等严重的心血管并发症。
