Williams H J, Grove-White D H, Ridgway R, Connolly N J, Puentes-Garrido R, Watson C
Livestock and One Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK CH64 7TE.
Livestock and One Health, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK CH64 7TE.
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Apr;108(4):3796-3804. doi: 10.3168/jds.2024-25927. Epub 2025 Mar 24.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of an iodine-based predip solution and paper towel (dip routine) reduces the incidence of delayed milk ejection and the recorded vacuum at the teat end, compared with a proprietary teat wipe (wipe routine), when forestripping is not part of the teat-preparation routine. Eight experimental milkings, 4 for each teat-preparation routine, were observed on a Holstein dairy herd milking 195 cows 3 times daily through a herringbone parlor. Allocation of routine at the first session was by coin toss, thereafter teat-preparation routine was alternated for each observed session. Parameters extracted from electronic on-farm milk meters included milk yield (kg), milking unit on time (MUOT; s), average milk flow rate (kg/min), maximum milk flow rate (kg/min), milk yield in the first 2 min (kg), percentage of total milk yield in the first 2 min (%), and occurrence of bimodal milking. Vacuum at the teat level was recorded using digital vacuum recorders and analyzed to determine the average mouthpiece chamber vacuum in front and back quarters during the main milking period. Cow characteristics including parity, DIM, calving date, and 305-d mature-equivalent milk production were obtained from dairy management software. Investigators used timestamps to calculate the duration the operator spent wiping teats and the lag time, which was defined as first application of the wipe or paper towel to cluster attachment. Data from 1,287 milkings (194 cows) were analyzed for milk flow outcomes, and data from 96 milkings (76 cows) were analyzed for vacuum outcomes. Multivariable mixed-effects models demonstrated that the odds of a bimodal milking pattern were higher when the wipe routine was used compared with the dip routine (odds ratio: 1.6). The dip routine was associated with 3.37% more milk produced in the first 2 min, 4.38 s less MUOT, and 2.69 kPa lower average vacuum in the back mouthpiece during main milking, with no significant difference in the front mouthpiece vacuum between the 2 preparation routines. These results indicate that dipping followed by wiping as part of the teat-preparation routine was associated with improved milk ejection and flow compared with using a disinfectant wipe alone.
本研究的目的是调查在挤奶前乳头准备程序中不包括挤奶前几滴奶步骤的情况下，与使用专用乳头擦拭巾（擦拭程序）相比，使用含碘预浸溶液和纸巾（浸渍程序）是否能降低延迟排乳的发生率以及乳头末端记录的真空度。在一个每天通过鱼骨式挤奶厅对195头奶牛进行3次挤奶的荷斯坦奶牛场，观察了8次试验挤奶，每种乳头准备程序各4次。第一次挤奶时通过抛硬币分配程序，此后每次观察的挤奶过程中交替使用乳头准备程序。从农场电子挤奶计量器提取的参数包括产奶量（千克）、挤奶单元准时性（MUOT；秒）、平均奶流速度（千克/分钟）、最大奶流速度（千克/分钟）、前2分钟产奶量（千克）、前2分钟产奶量占总产奶量的百分比（%）以及双峰挤奶的发生情况。使用数字真空记录仪记录乳头水平的真空度，并进行分析以确定主挤奶期前后乳房象限的平均吸嘴腔真空度。奶牛特征包括胎次、产犊间隔天数（DIM）、产犊日期和305天成熟当量产奶量，这些数据来自奶牛场管理软件。研究人员使用时间戳来计算操作人员擦拭乳头的持续时间和延迟时间，延迟时间定义为首次将擦拭巾或纸巾应用于集乳器连接处的时间。对1287次挤奶（194头奶牛）的数据进行奶流结果分析，对96次挤奶（76头奶牛）的数据进行真空度结果分析。多变量混合效应模型表明，与浸渍程序相比，使用擦拭程序时双峰挤奶模式的几率更高（优势比：1.6）。浸渍程序与前2分钟多产3.37%的奶、MUOT少4.38秒以及主挤奶期后吸嘴平均真空度低2.69千帕相关，两种准备程序在前吸嘴真空度方面无显著差异。这些结果表明，与仅使用消毒擦拭巾相比，将浸渍后再擦拭作为乳头准备程序的一部分与改善排乳和奶流相关。
