Zmuda Trzebiatowski Piotr, Królikowski Tomasz, Ubowska Agnieszka, Wilpiszewska Katarzyna
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, ul. Śniadeckich 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland.
Faculty of Maritime Technology and Transport, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów 41, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Mar 7;18(6):1203. doi: 10.3390/ma18061203.
The materials used as filaments for additive techniques should exhibit various properties depending on the application and the requirements. The motivation for this study was the need to obtain a filament exhibiting appropriate aesthetic (metal-like) and mechanical properties. Glycol-modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) copolymer (PETG) and micrometric steel powder were used for composite preparation. Subsequently, the obtained material was used as a filament for 3D printing, i.e., by fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The physicochemical properties of the obtained filaments were determined, such as morphology (roughness), moisture sorption ability, thermal properties, and mechanical performance (tensile and compressive strength). Importantly, the metal filler did not modify the thermal properties of the polyester matrix, indicating that the filament containing steel microfiller could be processed using the same parameters as for neat PETG. The thermal stability was slightly enhanced after steel powder addition (for 13 wt.% content, the temperature of 75% weight loss was 466 °C; for comparison, that for the reference sample was 446 °C). The reinforcing effect of steel microfiller was noted based on mechanical performance measurements. The steel particles acted as a stiffening agent; the highest maximal tensile strength was observed for the composite with 3 wt.% steel powder content (ca. 68 MPa). Further increasing the microfiller load resulted in a slight decrease in the value of this parameter. A different trend was reported considering the compressive strength, i.e., the value of this parameter increased with steel content. Based on the obtained results, the new PETG composites could be applied as structural materials.
用于增材制造技术的长丝材料应根据应用和要求展现出各种性能。本研究的动机是需要获得一种具有适当美学（类似金属）和机械性能的长丝。采用二醇改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯共聚物（PETG）和微米级钢粉制备复合材料。随后，将所得材料用作3D打印的长丝，即通过熔融沉积建模（FDM）技术。测定了所得长丝的物理化学性能，如形态（粗糙度）、吸湿能力、热性能和机械性能（拉伸强度和抗压强度）。重要的是，金属填料并未改变聚酯基体的热性能，这表明含钢微填料的长丝可以使用与纯PETG相同的参数进行加工。添加钢粉后热稳定性略有提高（对于13 wt.%的含量，失重75%时的温度为466℃；相比之下，参考样品的该温度为446℃）。基于机械性能测量结果注意到了钢微填料的增强作用。钢颗粒起到增强剂的作用；对于含3 wt.%钢粉含量的复合材料，观察到最高的最大拉伸强度（约68 MPa）。进一步增加微填料负载量导致该参数值略有下降。考虑抗压强度时报道了不同的趋势，即该参数值随钢含量增加而增加。基于所得结果，新型PETG复合材料可作为结构材料应用。
