Çolak Sudem Mahmutoğlu, İlgar Tuba, Bahçeci İlkay, Özkaya Esra, Hüner Yiğit Merve, Durmuş Hilal, Atiş Feyza, Ertürk Ayşe, Yazıcı Zihni Acar
Departments of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Türkiye.
Departments of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, 53100 Rize, Türkiye.
Life (Basel). 2025 Mar 8;15(3):429. doi: 10.3390/life15030429.
The pathogenesis of COVID-19 highlights a complex relationship between disease severity and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). We aimed to investigate the relationships among the total NAb (tNAb) levels, the presence of potential neutralization antibodies (pNAbs), and the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed between October 2021 and September 2022 were grouped by symptom severity. Blood samples were taken at two time points and data on demographics, epidemiology, and vaccination were recorded. The tNAbs and pNAbs were measured by an enhanced chemiluminescence assay and a surrogate virus neutralization test, respectively. The tNAbs of 68 and the pNAbs of 52 patients were analyzed. Twenty-six (38.2%) patients had severe infection. The 28-day mortality rate was 16.2% (n = 11). The tNAb levels in the control blood samples (CBSs) were significantly higher than those of the admission blood samples (ABSs) ( < 0.001). The statistical analysis showed no relationship between disease severity and pNAbs. Vaccinated patients had significantly higher tNAbs in the ABSs and CBSs ( < 0.001 and < 0.001, respectively). The presence of pNAbs in the ABSs was correlated with a lower 28-day mortality ( = 0.026) and a milder disease course ( = 0.041). Although these findings support a correlation between tNAbs and disease severity and mortality, their presence seems to be unrelated to favorable clinical outcomes.
新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的发病机制突显了疾病严重程度与中和抗体（NAbs）之间的复杂关系。我们旨在研究总中和抗体（tNAb）水平、潜在中和抗体（pNAbs）的存在与COVID-19患者临床结局之间的关系。对2021年10月至2022年9月期间诊断的年龄≥18岁的患者按症状严重程度进行分组。在两个时间点采集血样，并记录人口统计学、流行病学和疫苗接种数据。分别通过增强化学发光法和替代病毒中和试验测量tNAbs和pNAbs。分析了68例患者的tNAbs和52例患者的pNAbs。26例（38.2%）患者发生严重感染。28天死亡率为16.2%（n = 11）。对照血样（CBSs）中的tNAb水平显著高于入院血样（ABSs）（<0.001）。统计分析显示疾病严重程度与pNAbs之间无相关性。接种疫苗的患者在ABSs和CBSs中的tNAbs显著更高（分别为<0.001和<0.001）。ABSs中pNAbs的存在与较低的28天死亡率（P = 0.026）和较轻的病程（P = 0.041）相关。尽管这些发现支持tNAbs与疾病严重程度和死亡率之间存在相关性，但其存在似乎与良好的临床结局无关。
