Harding William C, Halawa Abdul R, Aiche Mazen M, Zafar Bilal, Ali Hyeon-Ju R, Bashoura Lara, Faiz Saadia A
Divisions of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine and Sleep Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2025 Mar 3;61(3):443. doi: 10.3390/medicina61030443.
: Non-malignant pleural effusions (NMPEs) are the most frequently encountered pleural disease. They arise from various non-malignant, non-infectious clinical conditions, including cardiac, renal, and hepatic organ dysfunction. Despite their wide prevalence, there is a lack of literature for NMPE. This publication aims to provide an updated overview of the causes, diagnostic strategies, and management options for NMPE. : This review synthesizes findings from studies published on NMPE, focusing on the presentation, diagnosis (such as imaging and pleural fluid analysis), and management strategies. Studies were selected based on relevance and were analyzed to provide a comprehensive summary of current practices. : The review highlights different etiologies of NMPE, including organ-specific factors. Imaging, pleural fluid analysis, and clinical correlation remain crucial in diagnosing the etiology of NMPE. Treatment strategies are largely dependent on the underlying condition. Medical management remains the mainstay for many causes. In some cases, interventions, such as thoracentesis, tunneled indwelling pleural catheter, or pleurodesis, are necessary. : NMPE is a heterogeneous condition with a wide prevalence and significant implications. They present a diagnostic and management challenge due to patient complexity and evolving therapeutic options.
非恶性胸腔积液（NMPEs）是最常见的胸膜疾病。它们源于各种非恶性、非感染性临床病症，包括心脏、肾脏和肝脏器官功能障碍。尽管其发病率很高，但关于NMPE的文献却很匮乏。本出版物旨在提供关于NMPE的病因、诊断策略和管理选择的最新概述。：本综述综合了已发表的关于NMPE的研究结果，重点关注其表现、诊断（如影像学和胸腔积液分析）以及管理策略。根据相关性选择研究，并进行分析以提供当前实践的全面总结。：该综述强调了NMPE的不同病因，包括器官特异性因素。影像学、胸腔积液分析和临床相关性在诊断NMPE的病因方面仍然至关重要。治疗策略很大程度上取决于潜在病情。药物治疗仍然是许多病因的主要治疗方法。在某些情况下，诸如胸腔穿刺术、隧道式留置胸膜导管或胸膜固定术等干预措施是必要的。：NMPE是一种异质性病症，发病率高且影响重大。由于患者情况复杂且治疗选择不断演变，它们带来了诊断和管理方面的挑战。
