Lu Mingqing, Yao Yanfeng, Liu Hang, Peng Yun, Li Xuejie, Gao Ge, Chen Miaoyu, Zhang Xuekai, Mao Lingjing, Yang Peipei, Zhang XiaoYu, Miao Jing, Yuan Zhiming, Lan Jiaming, Shan Chao
State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China.
State Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
Mol Ther. 2025 Mar 26. doi: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2025.03.032.
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is highly lethal in humans, and the development of vaccines that provide rapid protection is critical for addressing NiV outbreaks. In this study, we demonstrate that a single intranasal immunization with the chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored NiV vaccine, AdC68-F, induced robust and sustained cellular and humoral responses in BALB/c mice, and provided complete protection against challenge with the NiV-Malaysia strain (NiV-M) in Syrian hamsters. Notably, AdC68-F, administered at a dose of 5 × 10 viral particles, offered a complete prophylactic protection window as few as 7 days before exposure to a lethal NiV-M challenge. Furthermore, passive transfer of sera from AdC68-F or AdC68-G immunized animals conferred complete protection against NiV-M infection in naive hamsters. These findings underscore the pivotal role of antigen-specific immunity in controlling NiV infection and highlight the potential of single-dose intranasal AdC68-based NiV vaccines for rapid protection during outbreaks. By providing rapid and effective protection, these vaccines could help reduce human-to-human transmission and aid in curbing NiV outbreaks.
尼帕病毒（NiV）感染对人类具有高度致死性，开发能提供快速保护的疫苗对于应对NiV疫情至关重要。在本研究中，我们证明用黑猩猩腺病毒载体NiV疫苗AdC68-F进行单次鼻内免疫，可在BALB/c小鼠中诱导强烈且持续的细胞和体液免疫反应，并能为叙利亚仓鼠提供针对NiV-马来西亚株（NiV-M）攻击的完全保护。值得注意的是，以5×10个病毒颗粒的剂量施用AdC68-F，在暴露于致死性NiV-M攻击前仅7天就能提供完整的预防性保护窗口期。此外，将来自AdC68-F或AdC68-G免疫动物的血清进行被动转移，可使未免疫的仓鼠获得针对NiV-M感染的完全保护。这些发现强调了抗原特异性免疫在控制NiV感染中的关键作用，并突出了基于单剂量鼻内AdC68的NiV疫苗在疫情期间提供快速保护的潜力。通过提供快速有效的保护，这些疫苗有助于减少人际传播并有助于遏制NiV疫情。
