Datta Arijit, Das Abhishek, Das Nandini, Tiwari Preeti, Goswami Dhara, Verma Prashant
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Pramukhswami Medical College & Shree Krishna Hospital, Bhaikaka University, Karamsad, Gujarat, India.
Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Government Medical College Jhargram, West Bengal, India.
SAGE Open Med Case Rep. 2025 Mar 24;13:2050313X251330192. doi: 10.1177/2050313X251330192. eCollection 2025.
Cardiac tamponade is a medical condition that occurs when there is an accumulation of blood, pus, fluid, or gas in the area around the heart (i.e. the pericardial cavity), leading to increased pressure within the pericardium. In forensic practice, sudden natural deaths are mostly related to cardiovascular conditions including cardiac tamponade. Owing to the sudden and rapid nature of its progression and fatal outcome, CT is often diagnosed during postmortem examination. In this case report, we discuss the sudden death of a 54-year-old male deceased due to a sudden collapse. No external or internal injuries were observed. On internal examination, in the mediastinum, a "Blue dome" sign of the heart was present; 600 g of liquid and clotted blood were present in the pericardial cavity. The etiology was not ventricular free wall rupture; rather, it was coronary artery rupture, which is a rare cause of such tamponade. Postmortem histopathology revealed significant atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries, leading to atherosclerotic plaque rupture. This etiology was first reported in this case, causing fatal cardiac tamponade.
心脏压塞是一种医学状况,当心脏周围区域(即心包腔)积聚血液、脓液、液体或气体时就会发生,导致心包内压力升高。在法医实践中,突然自然死亡大多与包括心脏压塞在内的心血管疾病有关。由于其进展迅速且具有致命性,心脏压塞常常在尸检时才被诊断出来。在本病例报告中,我们讨论了一名54岁男性因突然晕倒而死亡的案例。未观察到外部或内部损伤。在内脏检查中,纵隔内可见心脏的“蓝色圆顶”征;心包腔内有600克液体和凝血。病因并非心室游离壁破裂,而是冠状动脉破裂,这是导致这种心脏压塞的罕见原因。尸检组织病理学显示冠状动脉有明显的动脉粥样硬化改变,导致动脉粥样硬化斑块破裂。这种病因在本病例中首次被报道,导致了致命的心脏压塞。