Fournier Paola, Pellan Lucile, Jaswa Aarti, Cambon Marine C, Chataigner Alexandre, Bonnard Olivier, Raynal Marc, Debord Christian, Poeydebat Charlotte, Labarthe Simon, Delmotte François, This Patrice, Vacher Corinne
INRAE, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, SAVE, Villenave-d'Ornon, France.
School of Biosciences, Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Environ Microbiome. 2025 Mar 27;20(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40793-025-00691-9.
Plant and soil microbiomes can interfere with pathogen life cycles, but their influence on disease epidemiology remains understudied. Here, we analyzed the relationships between plant and soil microbiomes and long-term epidemiological records of grapevine downy mildew, a major disease caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola.
We found that certain microbial taxa were consistently more abundant in plots with lower disease incidence and severity and that the microbial community composition could predict disease incidence and severity. Microbial diversity was not strongly linked to epidemiological records, suggesting that disease incidence and severity is more related to the abundance of specific microbial taxa. These key taxa were identified in the topsoil, where the pathogen's oospores overwinter, and in the phyllosphere, where zoospores infect leaves. By contrast, the leaf endosphere, where the pathogen's mycelium develops, contained few taxa of interest. Surprisingly, the soil microbiota was a better predictor of disease incidence and severity than the leaf microbiota, suggesting that the soil microbiome could be a key indicator of the dynamics of this primarily aerial disease.
Our study integrates long-term epidemiological data with microbiome profiles of healthy plants to reveal fungi and bacteria relevant for the biocontrol of grapevine downy mildew. The resulting database provides a valuable resource for designing microbial consortia with potential biocontrol activity. The framework can be applied to other crop systems to guide the development of biocontrol strategies and reduce pesticide use in agriculture.
植物和土壤微生物群落可干扰病原体的生命周期，但其对疾病流行病学的影响仍研究不足。在此，我们分析了植物和土壤微生物群落与葡萄霜霉病的长期流行病学记录之间的关系，葡萄霜霉病是由卵菌纲葡萄生单轴霉引起的一种主要病害。
我们发现，在发病率和严重程度较低的地块中，某些微生物类群的丰度始终较高，并且微生物群落组成可以预测疾病的发病率和严重程度。微生物多样性与流行病学记录的关联不强，这表明疾病的发病率和严重程度与特定微生物类群的丰度更相关。这些关键类群在表土中被识别出来，病原体的卵孢子在表土中越冬，在叶围中也有发现，游动孢子在叶围感染叶片。相比之下，病原体菌丝体生长的叶内圈中，感兴趣的类群很少。令人惊讶的是，土壤微生物群比叶片微生物群能更好地预测疾病的发病率和严重程度，这表明土壤微生物群落可能是这种主要为气传病害动态的关键指标。
我们的研究将长期流行病学数据与健康植物的微生物组概况相结合，以揭示与葡萄霜霉病生物防治相关的真菌和细菌。所得数据库为设计具有潜在生物防治活性的微生物联合体提供了宝贵资源。该框架可应用于其他作物系统，以指导生物防治策略的制定，并减少农业中的农药使用。
