Hussey Grace, Royster Marcus, Vaidy Nivedha, Culkin Michael, Saha Margaret S
Biology Department, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA.
Biomolecules. 2025 Mar 13;15(3):409. doi: 10.3390/biom15030409.
The gene family consists of two members, and , involved in the cellular oxidative stress response. While many members of this essential cellular pathway have been extensively characterized, the gene family, despite its broad phylogenetic distribution, has received far less attention. Here, we review published articles and open-source databases to synthesize the current research on the evolutionary history, structure, biochemical and physiological functions, expression patterns, and role in disease of the gene family. Although displays broad spatiotemporal expression during development and adulthood, there is ambiguity regarding the cellular functions of the OSGIN proteins. A recent study identified OSGIN-1 as a flavin-dependent monooxygenase, but the biochemical role of OSGIN-2 has not yet been defined. Moreover, while the genes are implicated as mediators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, these functions have not been connected to the enzymatic classification of OSGIN. Misregulation of expression has long been associated with various disease states, yet recent analyses highlight the mechanistic role of OSGIN in pathogenesis and disease progression, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting OSGIN. In light of these findings, we suggest further avenues of research to advance our understanding of this essential, yet underexplored, gene family.
该基因家族由两个成员，即 和 组成，参与细胞氧化应激反应。尽管这条重要细胞通路的许多成员已得到广泛表征，但该基因家族尽管具有广泛的系统发育分布，却受到的关注要少得多。在这里，我们回顾已发表的文章和开源数据库，以综合目前关于该基因家族的进化史、结构、生化和生理功能、表达模式以及在疾病中的作用的研究。尽管 在发育和成年期表现出广泛的时空表达，但OSGIN蛋白的细胞功能仍不明确。最近的一项研究将OSGIN-1鉴定为一种黄素依赖性单加氧酶，但OSGIN-2的生化作用尚未确定。此外，虽然这些基因被认为是细胞增殖、凋亡和自噬的介质，但这些功能尚未与OSGIN的酶分类联系起来。该基因表达的失调长期以来一直与各种疾病状态相关，但最近的分析突出了OSGIN在发病机制和疾病进展中的机制作用，强调了靶向OSGIN的治疗潜力。鉴于这些发现，我们提出了进一步的研究途径，以增进我们对这个重要但未被充分探索的基因家族的理解。
