Melkevik Ole, Jeppesen Lennart Schou, Folke Sofie, Nielsen Anni B S
Research and Knowledge Centre, Danish Veterans Centre, Ringsted, Denmark.
Institute for Leadership and Organization, Royal Danish Defence College, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2025 Dec;16(1):2476810. doi: 10.1080/20008066.2025.2476810. Epub 2025 Mar 28.
: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious and debilitating condition among military veterans. Exposure to potentially traumatic events (PTEs) may lead to PTSD and PTE sensitivity may be influenced by the personality trait neuroticism.: The current investigation aims to test whether exposure to PTEs during deployment is associated with changes in PTSD symptoms, and whether individual levels of neuroticism are related to resilience or sensitivity to such exposures.: The study sample included 701 Danish soldiers deployed to Afghanistan in 2009. PTSD symptoms were measured pre-, peri- and post-deployment (T1-T3) with the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version. PTSD symptom load was modelled in a mixed linear model along with an extensive list of covariates. Interactions between time, exposure, and neuroticism were tested in order to assess whether neuroticism moderated the effect of PTEs upon PTSD symptoms.: On average, PTSD symptoms decreased from T1 through T3. Factors associated with higher PTSD symptom levels included number of past trauma, neuroticism, and low age at deployment. Interaction analyses showed that individuals with low and medium neuroticism levels displayed no significant change in PTSD symptoms, and individuals with high neuroticism displayed a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms. These changes were consistent across levels of perceived exposure to danger and combat and witnessing the consequences of war.: Results indicate that low levels of neuroticism appear to be related to resilience. Individuals with high levels of neuroticism displayed elevated PTSD symptoms across all time points, but contrary to expectations, they reported a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms from pre- to post-deployment.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是退伍军人中一种严重且使人衰弱的病症。暴露于潜在创伤性事件（PTEs）可能导致创伤后应激障碍，且PTE敏感性可能受人格特质神经质的影响。
当前的调查旨在测试部署期间暴露于PTEs是否与创伤后应激障碍症状的变化相关，以及神经质的个体水平是否与对此类暴露的恢复力或敏感性有关。
研究样本包括2009年被部署到阿富汗的701名丹麦士兵。使用创伤后应激障碍检查表-平民版在部署前、部署期间和部署后（T1 - T3）测量创伤后应激障碍症状。创伤后应激障碍症状负荷在一个混合线性模型中与大量协变量一起建模。测试了时间、暴露和神经质之间的相互作用，以评估神经质是否调节了PTEs对创伤后应激障碍症状的影响。
平均而言，创伤后应激障碍症状从T1到T3有所下降。与较高创伤后应激障碍症状水平相关的因素包括过去创伤的数量、神经质和部署时的低年龄。交互分析表明，低神经质水平和中等神经质水平的个体创伤后应激障碍症状没有显著变化，而高神经质水平的个体创伤后应激障碍症状有显著下降。这些变化在感知到的危险暴露水平、战斗以及目睹战争后果的各个层面都是一致的。
结果表明，低水平的神经质似乎与恢复力有关。高神经质水平的个体在所有时间点的创伤后应激障碍症状都有所升高，但与预期相反，他们报告从部署前到部署后创伤后应激障碍症状有显著下降。
