Van Vu Tan, Hayakawa Hisao
Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Gravitational Physics and Quantum Information, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Phys Rev Lett. 2025 Mar 14;134(10):107101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.107101.
The Mpemba effect is a counterintuitive physical phenomenon where a hot system cools faster than a warm one. In recent years, theoretical analyses of the Mpemba effect have been developed for microscopic systems and experimentally verified. However, the conventional theory relies on a specific choice of distance measure to quantify relaxation speed, leading to several theoretical ambiguities. In this Letter, we derive a rigorous quantification of the Mpemba effect based on thermomajorization theory, referred to as the thermomajorization Mpemba effect. This approach resolves all existing ambiguities and provides a unification of the conventional Mpemba effect across all monotone measures. Furthermore, we demonstrate the generality of the thermomajorization Mpemba effect for Markovian dynamics, rigorously proving that it can occur in any temperature regime with fixed energy levels.
姆潘巴效应是一种违反直觉的物理现象，即热系统比温系统冷却得更快。近年来，针对微观系统开展了姆潘巴效应的理论分析并通过实验得到了验证。然而，传统理论依赖于距离度量的特定选择来量化弛豫速度，从而导致了一些理论上的模糊性。在本论文中，我们基于热优超理论推导出了姆潘巴效应的严格量化，称为热优超姆潘巴效应。这种方法解决了所有现有的模糊性问题，并在所有单调度量上实现了传统姆潘巴效应的统一。此外，我们证明了热优超姆潘巴效应对于马尔可夫动力学的普遍性，严格证明了它可以在任何具有固定能级的温度区间中出现。
