Tanzer Michael, Ngo Chau G, Wong Andrew K, Badwe Brinda, Mullen Lewis
Jo Miller Orthopaedic Laboratory, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, New Jersey.
J Arthroplasty. 2025 Aug;40(8S1):S347-S352. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2025.03.060. Epub 2025 Mar 26.
The impact of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on biologic fixation of modern titanium-based porous surfaces fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM) techniques remains unexplored. This study aimed to compare the biological fixation of three-dimensional (3D)-printed porous implants, with and without TiN coating, in a canine model.
A canine femoral transcortical model was used to evaluate the characteristics of bone ingrowth of fully porous Ti-6Al-4V cylindrical implants fabricated using either laser rapid manufacturing or electron beam melting. Implants were further divided into coated (TiN) and uncoated groups. Histological (bone ingrowth evaluation via scanning electron microscopy) and mechanical push-out testing on the four groups of implants were performed at 4 and 12 weeks postimplantation.
Both TiN-coated and uncoated implants demonstrated substantial bone ingrowth at both time points. Bone ingrowth ranged from 35 to 50% at 4 weeks and then increased to 49 to 59% at 12 weeks. Mechanical tests indicated shear fixation strength ranging from 18 to 20 MPa at 4 weeks, increasing to 34 to 38 MPa at 12 weeks. There was no significant difference in either the amount of bone ingrowth or shear strength between TiN-coated and uncoated implants at either time point for both the laser rapid manufacturing and electron beam melting implants.
This study demonstrated substantial bone ingrowth as well as comparable shear strength between TiN-coated and uncoated implants, regardless of manufacturing technique. Titanium nitride coatings do not influence biological fixation on modern titanium-based AM porous surfaces.
氮化钛（TiN）涂层对采用增材制造（AM）技术制造的现代钛基多孔表面生物固定的影响尚未得到探索。本研究旨在比较在犬类模型中，有和没有TiN涂层的三维（3D）打印多孔植入物的生物固定情况。
使用犬类股骨经皮质模型评估采用激光快速制造或电子束熔炼制造的全多孔Ti-6Al-4V圆柱形植入物的骨长入特征。植入物进一步分为涂层（TiN）组和未涂层组。在植入后4周和12周对四组植入物进行组织学（通过扫描电子显微镜评估骨长入）和机械推出试验。
TiN涂层和未涂层的植入物在两个时间点均显示出大量的骨长入。4周时骨长入范围为35%至50%，然后在12周时增加到49%至59%。力学测试表明，4周时剪切固定强度范围为18至20MPa，12周时增加到34至38MPa。对于激光快速制造和电子束熔炼植入物，在两个时间点，TiN涂层和未涂层植入物之间的骨长入量或剪切强度均无显著差异。
本研究表明，无论制造技术如何，TiN涂层和未涂层植入物之间均有大量的骨长入以及相当的剪切强度。氮化钛涂层不会影响现代钛基AM多孔表面的生物固定。
