Hypertension (HTN) is prevalent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, yet the cardioprotective and survival benefits of β-adrenergic blockers during radiotherapy (RT) remain underexplored. We analyzed data from a Chinese clinical cohort of 750 patients with stage IIIA to IIIB NSCLC and HTN receiving RT between 2014 and 2018. The findings were further validated using data from the NHANES database. In Chinese clinical cohort, β-adrenergic blockers were associated with improved OS (β-adrenergic blockers: median overall survival (mOS) 17.64 months, 95% CI, 15.95-19.33; no β-adrenergic blockers: mOS 13.16 months, 95% CI, 12.62-13.70; p < 0.0001) and PFS (β-adrenergic blockers: median progression-free survival (mPFS) 7.50 months, 95% CI, 6.50-8.50; without β-adrenergic blockers: mPFS 4.91 months, 95% CI, 4.53-5.31; p < 0.0001). Simultaneously, in the NHANES database, the utilization of β-adrenergic blockers exhibited no discernible impact on OS within the entire tumor population, as evidenced by the Kaplan-Meier curve, which revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.254). β-adrenergic blockers may improve OS and PFS in patients with HTN and NSCLC undergoing RT. β-adrenergic blockers show potential and warrant further investigation in the context of RT.