Dworak Helene, Rozmaric Tomaz, Grillari Johannes, Ogrodnik Mikolaj
Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria.
Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
FEBS Lett. 2025 Mar 29. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.70037.
Biological processes are often spatially regulated, ensuring molecular and cellular events occur in their most strategically advantageous locations. Cellular senescence, marked by cell cycle arrest and hypersecretion, is recognized as an important part of physiological processes like development and healing, but it also contributes to aging and disease. However, the spatial distribution of senescent cells and its physiological and pathological impact remain unclear. Here we compile evidence on senescent cell localization in development, healing, and aging. We emphasize the significance of their spatial patterns and speculate on the effects of disrupted spatial positioning of senescence in relation to pathologies. To summarize the specific spatial functions of senescent cells, we propose to refer to them as 'barrier' and 'conductor' functions. The 'barrier' function of senescent cells, due to their altered morphology and apoptosis resistance, separates tissues and builds a border between two environments. The conductor function, with the secretion of signaling factors, influences the surrounding area and stimulates migration, differentiation, or proliferation, among other processes. Overall, this Review explores the spatial patterning of cellular senescence in biological processes, highlighting its dual roles as 'barrier' and 'conductor' functions, and examines the implications of senescent cell distribution in development, healing, aging, and disease.
生物过程通常受到空间调控，以确保分子和细胞事件在最具战略优势的位置发生。细胞衰老以细胞周期停滞和分泌亢进为特征，被认为是发育和愈合等生理过程的重要组成部分，但它也会导致衰老和疾病。然而，衰老细胞的空间分布及其生理和病理影响仍不清楚。在这里，我们收集了有关衰老细胞在发育、愈合和衰老过程中定位的证据。我们强调它们空间模式的重要性，并推测衰老细胞空间定位紊乱与病理学的关系。为了总结衰老细胞的特定空间功能，我们建议将它们称为“屏障”和“导体”功能。衰老细胞的“屏障”功能，由于其形态改变和抗凋亡能力，将组织分隔开并在两种环境之间建立边界。“导体”功能则通过分泌信号因子影响周围区域，并刺激迁移、分化或增殖等过程。总的来说，本综述探讨了细胞衰老在生物过程中的空间模式，强调了其作为“屏障”和“导体”功能的双重作用，并研究了衰老细胞分布在发育、愈合、衰老和疾病中的影响。
