Klak Katarzyna, Maciuszek Magdalena, Michalik Anna, Mazur Mikolaj, Zawisza Maria, Pecio Anna, Nowak Barbara, Chadzinska Magdalena
Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2025 Jun;161:110301. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2025.110301. Epub 2025 Mar 27.
Fish are exposed to numerous stressors which negatively affect their immune response and increase infection susceptibility. The risk of bacterial infections results in the excessive and preventive use of antibiotics. Therefore, we aimed to study how antibiotic treatment and restraint stress will affect the stress response, microbiota composition, gut morphology, and inflammatory reaction in common carp. Both restraint stress and antibiotic treatment increased cortisol level. Moreover, antibiotics induced dysbiosis in fish gut, manifested by a decrease in the total abundance of bacteria, and a shift in bacteria diversity, including a reduced number of Aeromonas, Bacteroides, Barnesiellaceae, Cetobacterium and Shewanella and an increased abundance of Flavobacterium. To a lesser extent, stress modified gut microbiota, as it decreased bacteria number and slightly changed the microbiota composition by decreasing Cetobacterium abundance and increasing Vibrio abundance. Microbiota of the antibiotic-treated and stressed fish shifted from the beneficial bacterial genera - Cetobacterium and Bacteroides, to the increased presence of unfavorable bacteria such as Brevinema, Flavobacterium and Desulfovibrionaceae. Stress and antibiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota were related to the changes in the gut morphology when the higher abundance of goblet and rodlet cells and increased secretion activity of goblet cells were observed. Moreover, up-regulation of the expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines involved in the Th17 immune response was present in the gut of the antibiotic-treated and stressed fish. We conclude that in carp antibiotics and stress alter the abundance and composition of the microbiota and induce Th17-dependent inflammatory reaction in the gut. Moreover, our results strongly suggest the interplay of the stress axis and the brain-gut-microbiota axis.
鱼类会面临众多应激源，这些应激源会对其免疫反应产生负面影响，并增加感染易感性。细菌感染的风险导致抗生素的过度和预防性使用。因此，我们旨在研究抗生素治疗和束缚应激如何影响鲤鱼的应激反应、微生物群组成、肠道形态和炎症反应。束缚应激和抗生素治疗均会提高皮质醇水平。此外，抗生素会导致鱼类肠道菌群失调，表现为细菌总数减少以及细菌多样性发生变化，包括气单胞菌属、拟杆菌属、巴恩斯氏菌科、鲸杆菌属和希瓦氏菌属数量减少，黄杆菌属数量增加。在较小程度上，应激会改变肠道微生物群，因为它会减少细菌数量，并通过降低鲸杆菌属丰度和增加弧菌属丰度而轻微改变微生物群组成。经抗生素处理和应激的鱼类的微生物群从有益细菌属——鲸杆菌属和拟杆菌属，转变为出现更多诸如短螺旋体属、黄杆菌属和脱硫弧菌科等不利细菌。当观察到杯状细胞和小杆状细胞丰度较高以及杯状细胞分泌活性增加时，应激和抗生素诱导的肠道微生物群变化与肠道形态变化有关。此外，在经抗生素处理和应激的鱼类肠道中，参与Th17免疫反应的促炎介质和细胞因子编码基因的表达上调。我们得出结论，在鲤鱼中，抗生素和应激会改变微生物群的丰度和组成，并在肠道中诱导Th17依赖性炎症反应。此外，我们的结果强烈表明应激轴与脑-肠-微生物群轴之间存在相互作用。
