Ment L R, Scott D T, Ehrenkranz R A, Duncan C C
Am J Perinatol. 1985 Jul;2(3):223-7. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-999955.
Theophylline, aminophylline, and caffeine are methylxanthines frequently used in the treatment of idiopathic apnea of prematurity. These agents alter both cerebral blood flow and metabolism and are frequently administered to small preterm neonates, many of whom have experienced germinal matrix and/or intraventricular hemorrhage (GMH/IVH) and thus may suffer underlying disturbances of both cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Our data demonstrate that infants with GMH/IVH required methylxanthine therapy in the neonatal period more often than their nonhemorrhage peers. Because the combined presence of GMH/IVH and methylxanthine therapy may compound the potential for adverse effects in these infants, we analyzed the neurodevelopmental outcome of 73 very-low-birthweight neonates at 18 months corrected age with respect to the presence of GMH/IVH and neonatal methylxanthine therapy. Though further studies are needed, we cautiously conclude that the 18-month Bayley mental score demonstrates no harmful effects of neonatal methylxanthine therapy on cognitive functioning.
茶碱、氨茶碱和咖啡因是常用于治疗早产儿特发性呼吸暂停的甲基黄嘌呤类药物。这些药物会改变脑血流量和代谢，经常用于小早产儿，其中许多人经历过生发基质和/或脑室内出血（GMH/IVH），因此可能存在脑血流量和代谢的潜在紊乱。我们的数据表明，患有GMH/IVH的婴儿在新生儿期比未出血的同龄人更常需要甲基黄嘌呤治疗。由于GMH/IVH和甲基黄嘌呤治疗同时存在可能会增加这些婴儿出现不良反应的可能性，我们分析了73例极低出生体重儿在矫正年龄18个月时，关于GMH/IVH的存在情况和新生儿甲基黄嘌呤治疗的神经发育结局。尽管还需要进一步研究，但我们谨慎地得出结论，18个月时的贝利智力评分显示新生儿甲基黄嘌呤治疗对认知功能没有有害影响。
