Exploring the link between sleep and cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) in young adults: Integrating the role of ADHD.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to: (1) compare sleep quality and sleep-related parameters in a Turkish adult population with and without CDS and ADHD symptoms; and (2) re-examine the relationship between CDS and sleep by exploring potential associations between sleep problems and CDS symptoms, while also examining the separate roles of sluggishness and daydreaming, as well as possible gender differences.

METHOD

The study included 274 participants (age:18-35, 70.4 % female). The Adult CDS Ratings Scale, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were used. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and AMOS 23. Statistical analyses included ANOVA with post-hoc Tamhane's test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman Correlation Analysis, and structural equation modeling with path analysis. Linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors influencing daydreaming.

RESULTS

The study yielded four key findings: CONCLUSIONS: This study is among the first to explore the relationship between CDS symptoms and sleep problems in young adults, accounting for ADHD. Our findings highlight the significant association of hyperactivity/impulsivity and daydreaming with sleep quality, as well as the relationship between poor sleep quality and increased daydreaming and sluggishness, though to a lesser extent than ADHD symptoms. Notably, gender differences emerged, with poor sleep quality affecting CDS symptoms primarily in women, while sluggishness decreased with age in men. These results underscore the importance of considering sleep issues in the context of CDS and ADHD, particularly with attention to gender-specific patterns.