Li Penghui, Jiang Wei
Binhai New Area Hospital of TCM, 300000 Tianjin, China.
First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 300000 Tianjin, China.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2025 Mar 5;26(3):25321. doi: 10.31083/RCM25321. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic vascular disease primarily affecting large and medium-sized arteries, involving complex pathological mechanisms such as inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism disorders and vascular plaque formation. In recent years, several emerging research hotspots have appeared in the field of atherosclerosis, including gut microbiota, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, cuproptosis, exosomes and non-coding RNA. Traditional lipid-lowering drugs play a crucial role in the treatment of AS but are not able to significantly reverse the pathological changes. This article aims to summarize the latest research progress in the pathogenesis of AS and the diagnosis and treatment of the disease by comprehensively analyzing relevant literature mainly from the past five years. Additionally, the mechanisms of action and research advances of statins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, fibrates and novel lipid-lowering drugs are reviewed to provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of AS.
动脉粥样硬化（AS）是一种主要影响大中型动脉的慢性血管疾病，涉及炎症反应、脂质代谢紊乱和血管斑块形成等复杂病理机制。近年来，动脉粥样硬化领域出现了几个新兴研究热点，包括肠道微生物群、细胞焦亡、铁死亡、自噬、铜死亡、外泌体和非编码RNA。传统降脂药物在AS治疗中发挥着关键作用，但无法显著逆转病理变化。本文旨在通过全面分析主要来自过去五年的相关文献，总结AS发病机制及该疾病诊断与治疗的最新研究进展。此外，还综述了他汀类药物、胆固醇吸收抑制剂、贝特类药物及新型降脂药物的作用机制和研究进展，为AS的诊断与治疗提供新的见解。
