Gao Yuanyuan, Liu Jing, Liu Xiaojuan, Hao Yuexin, Pan Zhaofeng, He Xiaohua, Liu Bin, Duan Xuchang
College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People's Republic of China.
Fuping Modern Agriculture Comprehensive Demonstration Station, Northwest A&F University, Fuping, People's Republic of China.
J Sci Food Agric. 2025 Jul;105(9):5074-5089. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.14248. Epub 2025 Mar 31.
Hyperlipidemia is characterized by abnormally elevated blood lipids. Persimmon leaf has multiple pharmacological activities and is valued for its lipid-lowering effect. However, few reports have revealed the hypolipidemic mechanism of persimmon leaf. In this study, compositions from the ethanol extract of persimmon leaf (PLE) were identified by high-resolution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. The mechanism of PLE against hyperlipidemia induced by high-fat diet in mice was then explored based on lipid gene expression and gut microbiota.
The study demonstrated that 27 compositions from PLE were identified, of which the primary hypolipidemic compositions were astragalin, hyperoside, catechin, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin. Supplementation of PLE could reduce serum lipids, liver injury, lipid accumulation, and inflammation. The analysis of lipid gene expression indicated that PLE downregulated the expression of lipid synthesis genes FAS (fatty acid synthase; P < 0.001), ACC (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; P < 0.01), SCD1 (stearyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 1; P < 0.05) and SREBP-1c (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c; P < 0.01), while upregulating the expression of lipid degradation genes PPAR-α (peroxide-activated receptor alpha; P < 0.05) and CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase; P < 0.05). Simultaneously, PLE greatly recovered the intestinal short-chain fatty acid content, especially butyric acid (P < 0.05), valeric acid (P < 0.01) and isovaleric acid (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 16S rRNA analysis showed that PLE decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and Dubosiella microbiota, which maintained the homeostasis of intestinal flora.
PLE could prevent lipid metabolism disorders and modulate gut microbiota homeostasis in hyperlipidemic rats. This study provides insights into PLE as a natural active substance for the prevention of hyperlipidemia. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
高脂血症的特征是血脂异常升高。柿叶具有多种药理活性，其降血脂作用备受关注。然而，关于柿叶降血脂机制的报道较少。本研究采用高分辨率液相色谱 - 电喷雾电离 - 串联质谱法和高效液相色谱法对柿叶乙醇提取物（PLE）的成分进行了鉴定。然后基于脂质基因表达和肠道微生物群探讨了PLE对高脂饮食诱导的小鼠高脂血症的作用机制。
研究表明，共鉴定出27种PLE成分，其中主要的降血脂成分是紫云英苷、金丝桃苷、儿茶素、绿原酸和槲皮素。补充PLE可降低血脂、减轻肝损伤、减少脂质积累和炎症。脂质基因表达分析表明，PLE下调脂质合成基因FAS（脂肪酸合酶；P < 0.001）、ACC（乙酰辅酶A羧化酶；P < 0.01）、SCD1（硬脂酰辅酶A脱氢酶1；P < 0.05）和SREBP - 1c（固醇调节元件结合蛋白1c；P < 0.01）的表达，同时上调脂质降解基因PPAR - α（过氧化物激活受体α；P < 0.05）和CYP7A1（胆固醇7α-羟化酶；P < 0.05）的表达。同时，PLE显著恢复肠道短链脂肪酸含量，尤其是丁酸（P < 0.05）、戊酸（P < 0.01）和异戊酸（P < 0.05）。此外，16S rRNA分析表明，PLE降低了厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比例，增加了乳酸杆菌属、Turicibacter和Dubosiella微生物群的丰度，维持了肠道菌群的稳态。
PLE可预防高脂血症大鼠的脂质代谢紊乱并调节肠道微生物群稳态。本研究为PLE作为预防高脂血症的天然活性物质提供了见解。© 2025化学工业协会。
