-generated acetate alleviated -induced liver fibrosis in mice.

INTRODUCTION

Infection with () has the potential to induce liver fibrosis and significantly alter the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear how these changes in the gut microbiota, through the gut-liver axis, influence the progression of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether targeting the gut microbiota, based on the concept of the gut-liver axis, could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating liver fibrosis.

METHODS

The gut microbiota alterations in -infected mice at multiple time points were analyzed through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. therapeutic effect on infected mice was evaluated. Metabolic changes following produced by were analyzed using short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolomics. Additionally, conditioned medium (R.b CM) or its metabolites were co-cultured with two hepatic stellate cell lines (LX2 and JS1) to assess their anti-fibrotic effects. Finally, RNA sequencing was employed to investigate the specific mechanism by which acetate inhibits hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation.

RESULTS

The abundance of increased during the inflammatory stage of infection and decreased significantly during the fibrosis stage. Oral gavage of significantly inhibited -induced liver fibrosis while restoring the intestinal barrier. The activation of HSCs was significantly inhibited upon incubation with CM. Acetate was identified as a key metabolite generated from in CM, and acetate attenuated -induced liver fibrosis and in vivo. Mechanistically, acetate inhibited the activation of HSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to prevent the progression of liver fibrosis in mice infected with .

DISCUSSION

exerted a protective effect on hepatic fibrosis by delivering acetate via the gut-liver axis to active the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HSCs. Furthermore, can be used as a probiotic therapy to alleviate hepatic fibrosis.