Yang Zhenya, Zhao Jiancheng, Ni Huijing
Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, China.
Northwest Zhejiang Bamboo Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Hangzhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Mar 17;16:1550946. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1550946. eCollection 2025.
To achieve high economic benefits, reapplying fertilizers has been a common business measure taken for harvesting Moso bamboo shoots and timber in the past decades in subtropical China. Applying compound and organic fertilizers is an effective measure to enhance soil fertility and promote plant production. To demonstrate how compound fertilizer (CF) decrement and application of silkworm excrement organic fertilizer (SEOF) effect on soil quality, bamboo shoot yield and quality of Moso bamboo plantations, six CF decrement treatments (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % SEOF substitution, and no fertilization) were examined in our study. Soil nutrients, enzyme activities, bacterial community structures, bamboo shoot yield and quality were determined, and their relationships were analyzed. The results showed that adding SEOF improved soil quality and bamboo shoot yield. Compared with CF, the combined CF-SEOF treatments increased soil pH, soil organic carbon, N and P availability, and the activities of enzymes related to C, N, and P cycling. SEOF substitution significantly changed the soil bacterial community structure and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Higher proportions of organic fertilizer substitution (OF75, OF) enhanced the bamboo shoot yield (by 20.23 % and 16.55 %, respectively) and their total flavonoid and vitamin C content, compared to CF ( 0.05). Moreover, the soil quality index of OF75 and OF50 was significantly higher than that of OF and OF25 in the 0-40 cm soil layer ( 0.05). Pearson's correlation tests showed that bamboo shoot yield was positively related with soil nutrients ( 0.05). In addition, SEM revealed that fertilization affected soil enzyme activities through soil microorganisms, thereby affecting soil nutrient availability and promoting SQI and bamboo shoot yield. In conclusion, our study revealed that SEOF production is advisable for improving soil quality and bamboo shoot yield, providing evidence that soil nutrients and bacteria contribute to shoot yield and promote the sustainable management of soil and Moso bamboo forests.
为实现高经济效益，在过去几十年里，中国亚热带地区重新施肥一直是收获毛竹笋和木材的常见商业措施。施用复合肥和有机肥是提高土壤肥力、促进植物生长的有效措施。为了证明复合肥减量和蚕沙有机肥施用对毛竹人工林土壤质量、竹笋产量和品质的影响，本研究设置了6种复合肥减量处理（0%、25%、50%、75%和100%蚕沙有机肥替代，以及不施肥）。测定了土壤养分、酶活性、细菌群落结构、竹笋产量和品质，并分析了它们之间的关系。结果表明，添加蚕沙有机肥可改善土壤质量和竹笋产量。与复合肥相比，复合肥与蚕沙有机肥配施处理提高了土壤pH值、土壤有机碳、氮和磷有效性，以及与碳、氮和磷循环相关的酶活性。蚕沙有机肥替代显著改变了土壤细菌群落结构，增加了变形菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度。与复合肥相比，较高比例的有机肥替代（OF75、OF）提高了竹笋产量（分别提高了20.23%和16.55%）及其总黄酮和维生素C含量（P<0.05）。此外，OF75和OF50处理在0-40 cm土层的土壤质量指数显著高于OF和OF25处理（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析表明，竹笋产量与土壤养分呈正相关（P<0.05）。此外，结构方程模型显示，施肥通过土壤微生物影响土壤酶活性，进而影响土壤养分有效性，促进土壤质量指数和竹笋产量。总之，本研究表明，蚕沙有机肥生产有利于改善土壤质量和竹笋产量，为土壤养分和细菌对竹笋产量的贡献以及促进土壤和毛竹林的可持续管理提供了证据。
