Henderson B E, Ross R K, Judd H L, Krailo M D, Pike M C
Cancer. 1985 Sep 1;56(5):1206-8. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19850901)56:5<1206::aid-cncr2820560541>3.0.co;2-9.
The "estrogen window hypothesis" of the etiology of breast cancer proposes that unopposed estrogen stimulation is the most favorable state for tumor induction and that normal postovulation progesterone secretion reduces susceptibility. The authors believe that epidemiologic and experimental studies suggest rather that the opposite is true, i.e., that breast cancer risk is directly related to the cumulative number of regular ovulatory cycles. Unlike the endometrium, breast tissue mitotic activity is enhanced in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Regular vigorous physical activity is one method of reducing the frequency of ovulatory cycles, and such exercise could markedly reduce a woman's lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.
乳腺癌病因的“雌激素窗口期假说”提出，无对抗的雌激素刺激是诱发肿瘤最有利的状态，而排卵后正常的孕酮分泌会降低易感性。作者认为，流行病学和实验研究表明事实恰恰相反，即乳腺癌风险与规律排卵周期的累积数量直接相关。与子宫内膜不同，乳腺组织的有丝分裂活动在月经周期的黄体期会增强。规律的剧烈体育活动是减少排卵周期频率的一种方法，这种运动可以显著降低女性一生中患乳腺癌的风险。
