Nikolić Nebojša, Massaro Selene, Tagliapietra Franco, Schiavon Stefano, Masin Roberta
Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Mar 18;16:1483774. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1483774. eCollection 2025.
This research aimed to evaluate the impact of ruminant digestion on viability and germination pattern of the seeds of 9 weed species (, , , , , , , and ).
One hundred seeds of each species were included in nylon bags and exposed to procedures simulating the rumen fermentation according to an experimental design that considered: 9 weed species, 3 incubation times in the artificial rumen (12, 24 and 48 h), 2 diets (lactating cows, and heifers), 4 replications, plus 4 additional replicas per species with seeds not subjected to the digestion as a control. This design was repeated two times (2 batches), involving a total of 504 replicas. Results were expressed in relative terms, using the data from the untreated seeds as a scaling factor. Data were analyzed, by species, with a model that considered diet and incubation time, and their interaction as fixed factors, and the batch as a random effect.
Incubation time evidenced the greatest impact on seed germination and viability (6 species), where diet (4 species) and Incubation time x diet interaction (3 species) had lower impact. Compared to the control, germination increased to 150% after 12 h but dropped to ~20% after 48 h under the lactating cows' diet. Germination of remained stable initially but fell to ~60% after 48 h, while showed consistently low germination, further declining with digestion. Germination of rose to ~130% after 48 h, and the one of to ~140%. For , germination decreased to ~20%, with heifers' diet causing greater losses. No significant effects were noted for , , or . Viability losses were significant for and under the lactating cows' diet and for under the heifers' diet. Possible variation causes were evidenced in the thickness and the fibrous content (NDF, ADF, ADL) of the seed coats, correlated with the rumen microbial activity.
本研究旨在评估反刍动物消化对9种杂草种子（、、、、、、、和）活力及萌发模式的影响。
将每种杂草的100粒种子装入尼龙袋，按照实验设计使其经历模拟瘤胃发酵的过程，该设计考虑了：9种杂草、在人工瘤胃中的3个培养时间（12、24和48小时）、2种日粮（泌乳母牛和小母牛）、4次重复，每种杂草还额外设置4个未经过消化的重复种子作为对照。此设计重复两次（2批次），共计504个重复。结果以相对值表示，将未处理种子的数据用作缩放因子。按物种对数据进行分析，使用的模型将日粮和培养时间及其交互作用视为固定因子，批次视为随机效应。
培养时间对种子萌发和活力影响最大（6种），日粮（4种）和培养时间×日粮交互作用（3种）影响较小。与对照相比，在泌乳母牛日粮下，的萌发率在12小时后增至150%，但48小时后降至约20%。的萌发率最初保持稳定，但48小时后降至约60%，而的萌发率一直较低，随着消化进一步下降。的萌发率在48小时后升至约130%，的萌发率升至约140%。对于，萌发率降至约20%，小母牛日粮造成的损失更大。对于、或未观察到显著影响。在泌乳母牛日粮下，和的活力损失显著，在小母牛日粮下，的活力损失显著。种皮的厚度和纤维含量（中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤木质素）与瘤胃微生物活性相关，证明了可能的变异原因。
