Thompson González Nicole, Freedberg Lucia, Higham James, Vogel Erin, Cords Marina
Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
R Soc Open Sci. 2025 Apr 2;12(4):241659. doi: 10.1098/rsos.241659. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Evolutionary life history theory predicts that, during development, investment in immunity must be balanced with the demands of growth. How, and at what time scales, this balance is negotiated is unclear. In this study, we examined the potential energetic costs and limitations to cellular immune activity during development, its trade-offs with growth, related sickness behaviour and the role of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in these relationships. We combined biomarker and socio-environmental data on wild juvenile blue monkeys collected over eight months. Rather than detract from energy balance (C-peptide) and growth of lean body mass (creatinine by specific gravity residuals), cellular immune activity (neopterin) increased with energy balance and lean body mass at monthly time scales, suggesting an energetic constraint on cellular immunity. At shorter time scales, higher neopterin diminished subsequent growth. Energetic constraints on immune activity were weakly regulated by HPA activity during low energy states. Our results suggest that cellular immune activity is both costly and limited by physical condition in wild developing primates.
进化生活史理论预测，在发育过程中，对免疫的投入必须与生长需求相平衡。目前尚不清楚这种平衡是如何以及在何种时间尺度上达成的。在本研究中，我们考察了发育过程中细胞免疫活动潜在的能量成本和限制、其与生长的权衡、相关的疾病行为以及下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺（HPA）轴活动在这些关系中的作用。我们整合了八个月来收集的野生幼年蓝猴的生物标志物和社会环境数据。细胞免疫活动（新蝶呤）并非有损能量平衡（C肽）和瘦体重增长（通过比重残差计算的肌酐），而是在月度时间尺度上随能量平衡和瘦体重增加，这表明细胞免疫存在能量限制。在更短的时间尺度上，较高的新蝶呤水平会抑制随后的生长。在低能量状态下，HPA活动对免疫活动的能量限制调节作用较弱。我们的结果表明，在野生发育中的灵长类动物中，细胞免疫活动既耗费能量又受身体状况限制。
