Yakut Aysun
Department of Gastroenterology, İstanbul Medipol University Sefakoy Health Practice Research Center, İstanbul 38000, Türkiye.
World J Hepatol. 2025 Mar 27;17(3):104167. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i3.104167.
The gut microbiota (GM) is a highly dynamic ecology whose density and composition can be influenced by a wide range of internal and external factors. Thus, "How do GM, which can have commensal, pathological, and mutualistic relationships with us, affect human health?" has become the most popular research issue in recent years. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the human body can alter host physiology in a variety of systems, such as metabolism, immunology, cardiovascular health, and neurons. The GM may have a role in the development of a number of clinical disorders by producing bioactive peptides, including neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids, intestinal hormones, and secondary bile acid conversion. These bioactive peptides enter the portal circulatory system through the gut-liver axis and play a role in the development of chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatic encephalopathy. This procedure is still unclear and quite complex. In this study, we aim to discuss the contribution of GM to the development of liver diseases, its effects on the progression of existing chronic liver disease, and to address the basic mechanisms of the intestinal microbiota-liver axis in the light of recent publications that may inspire the future.
肠道微生物群（GM）是一个高度动态的生态系统，其密度和组成会受到多种内部和外部因素的影响。因此，“与我们存在共生、病理和互利关系的GM如何影响人类健康？”已成为近年来最热门的研究课题。大量研究表明，居住在人体中的数万亿微生物可在多种系统中改变宿主生理机能，如新陈代谢、免疫学、心血管健康和神经元等。GM可能通过产生生物活性肽（包括神经递质、短链脂肪酸、支链氨基酸、肠道激素和次级胆汁酸转化）在多种临床疾病的发生发展中发挥作用。这些生物活性肽通过肠-肝轴进入门静脉循环系统，并在慢性肝病、肝硬化和肝性脑病的发生发展中起作用。这一过程仍不清楚且相当复杂。在本研究中，我们旨在讨论GM对肝脏疾病发生发展的作用、其对现有慢性肝病进展的影响，并根据近期可能启发未来研究的出版物阐述肠道微生物群-肝脏轴的基本机制。
