Caetano R
Drug Alcohol Depend. 1985 May;15(1-2):81-103. doi: 10.1016/0376-8716(85)90033-x.
This paper reviews the concepts of dependence on alcohol as embodied by the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome and as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of the American Psychiatric Association (D.S.M.-III). Evidence in support of the unidimensionality of this concept is still controversial, and the elements necessary to diagnose dependence under each of these two proposals are different. Alcohol Dependence in the D.S.M.-III has indicators of social and occupational impairment which are not part of the Alcohol Dependence Syndrome. Knowledge on the concept of dependence will advance more rapidly if researchers begin to develop comparative studies of these two models. Future work should also include studies in the general population, with women, ethnic minorities and cross-cultural research. Longitudinal research to establish the evolution of dependence both in clinical and general populations should also be developed.
本文回顾了酒精依赖综合征所体现的以及美国精神病学协会《诊断与统计手册》（第三版）（DSM-III）中所提出的酒精依赖概念。支持这一概念单一维度性的证据仍存在争议，并且根据这两种提议诊断依赖所需的要素有所不同。DSM-III中的酒精依赖具有社会和职业功能损害指标，而这些指标并非酒精依赖综合征的一部分。如果研究人员开始对这两种模型进行比较研究，关于依赖概念的认识将更快地推进。未来的工作还应包括针对普通人群、女性、少数族裔以及跨文化研究的调查。还应开展纵向研究，以确定临床人群和普通人群中依赖的演变情况。
