Crofton J T, Baer P G, Share L, Brooks D P
Endocrinology. 1985 Sep;117(3):1195-200. doi: 10.1210/endo-117-3-1195.
We have found, in normal Wistar rats 10-11 weeks old, that the plasma vasopressin concentration (PADH) and the 24-h urinary excretion of vasopressin (UADHV) were higher in males than in females (P less than 0.01). In rats that were gonadectomized when they were 3 weeks old and studied when they were 10-11 weeks old, PADH and UADHV were reduced in males (P less than 0.01) and increased in females (P less than 0.01 for UADHV; PADH not significant) compared to those in intact males and females, respectively. Treatment of castrated male rats with testosterone tended to increase PADH, but estradiol, progesterone, or a combination of estradiol and progesterone were without effect; UADHV was increased by testosterone (P less than 0.01) and lowered by estradiol plus progesterone (P less than 0.01). In ovariectomized rats, PADH was unaffected by either testosterone or estradiol, but was decreased by progesterone alone (P less than 0.05) or in combination with estradiol (P less than 0.05). In these ovariectomized rats, UADHV was unaffected by testosterone and was decreased by estradiol and progesterone individually or in combination (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that the gonadal steroid hormones can act either centrally to affect ADH release or peripherally to affect ADH metabolism. Compared to intact male rats, the lower PADH in intact female rats was accompanied by lower urine osmolality and greater urine volume, but further study will be required to appreciate fully the physiological significance of the differing PADH in males and females.
我们发现，在10 - 11周龄的正常Wistar大鼠中，雄性大鼠的血浆血管加压素浓度（PADH）和血管加压素的24小时尿排泄量（UADHV）高于雌性大鼠（P < 0.01）。在3周龄时进行性腺切除并于10 - 11周龄时进行研究的大鼠中，与完整的雄性和雌性大鼠相比，雄性大鼠的PADH和UADHV降低（P < 0.01），雌性大鼠的PADH和UADHV升高（UADHV，P < 0.01；PADH无显著差异）。用睾酮治疗去势雄性大鼠倾向于增加PADH，但雌二醇、孕酮或雌二醇与孕酮的组合无效；睾酮可增加UADHV（P < 0.01），而雌二醇加孕酮可降低UADHV（P < 0.01）。在去卵巢大鼠中，PADH不受睾酮或雌二醇的影响，但单独使用孕酮（P < 0.05）或与雌二醇联合使用（P < 0.05）可降低PADH。在这些去卵巢大鼠中，UADHV不受睾酮影响，单独或联合使用雌二醇和孕酮可降低UADHV（P < 0.01）。这些发现表明，性腺甾体激素可通过中枢作用影响抗利尿激素（ADH）释放，或通过外周作用影响ADH代谢。与完整雄性大鼠相比，完整雌性大鼠较低的PADH伴随着较低的尿渗透压和较多的尿量，但需要进一步研究以充分理解雄性和雌性大鼠PADH差异的生理意义。
