Aparício Daniel, Costa Marta, Marques Rui
Internal Medicine, Unidade Local de Saúde Viseu Dão-Lafões, Viseu, PRT.
Cureus. 2025 Mar 3;17(3):e80004. doi: 10.7759/cureus.80004. eCollection 2025 Mar.
Severe mixed dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), necessitating early and intensive lipid-lowering interventions. This case report describes the management of a 40-year-old patient with extreme dyslipidemia and high cardiovascular risk, emphasizing the impact of pharmacological therapy and lifestyle modifications. Initial therapy included rosuvastatin 20 mg, ezetimibe 10 mg, and fenofibrate 145 mg, combined with smoking cessation, alcohol restriction, and dietary changes. The combined therapy resulted in progressive improvement, with final lipid levels at 16 months showing total cholesterol of 95 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of 11.7 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) of 28.2 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 275 mg/dL. Echocardiographic and vascular studies confirmed atherosclerosis without significant luminal stenosis. Genetic testing for familial hypercholesterolemia was negative. This case highlights the effectiveness of early combination therapy and lifestyle modification in managing severe dyslipidemia. The substantial lipid reduction achieved reinforces current recommendations for early and aggressive treatment in high-risk patients. Continuous monitoring and individualized therapy adjustments remain essential for long-term cardiovascular risk reduction.
重度混合性血脂异常是心血管疾病(CVD)的主要危险因素,因此需要早期强化降脂干预。本病例报告描述了一名40岁血脂异常严重且心血管风险高的患者的治疗情况,强调了药物治疗和生活方式改变的影响。初始治疗包括20毫克瑞舒伐他汀、10毫克依折麦布和145毫克非诺贝特,同时结合戒烟、限制饮酒和饮食改变。联合治疗使病情逐步改善,16个月时的最终血脂水平显示总胆固醇为95毫克/分升,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)为11.7毫克/分升,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)为28.2毫克/分升,甘油三酯为275毫克/分升。超声心动图和血管研究证实有动脉粥样硬化但无明显管腔狭窄。家族性高胆固醇血症的基因检测为阴性。本病例突出了早期联合治疗和生活方式改变在管理重度血脂异常方面的有效性。实现的大幅血脂降低强化了当前对高危患者进行早期积极治疗的建议。持续监测和个体化治疗调整对于长期降低心血管风险仍然至关重要。