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一个新标本揭示了欧洲早侏罗世蛇颈龙组合中隐颈龙类祖先的多样化及可能的特有现象。

A new specimen of reveals the diversification of cryptoclidian precursors and possible endemism within European Early Jurassic plesiosaur assemblages.

作者信息

Marx Miguel, Sachs Sven, Kear Benjamin P, Eriksson Mats E, Nilkens Klaus, Lindgren Johan

机构信息

Department of Geology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Abteilung Geowissenschaften, Naturkunde-Museum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.

出版信息

PeerJ. 2025 Mar 31;13:e18960. doi: 10.7717/peerj.18960. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.7717/peerj.18960
PMID:40183068
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11967415/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

A virtually complete and articulated plesiosaur skeleton (MH 7) is described from the Lower Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonienschiefer Formation near Holzmaden in southern Germany. Plesiosaur remains are rare in this rock unit compared to those of other marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs and thalattosuchian crocodylomorphs. The new specimen offers an opportunity to assess the biodiversity of Early Jurassic plesiosaurs documented from what is now Central Europe.

METHODS

The osteology of MH 7 is described and compared with other Early Jurassic plesiosaurs based on first-hand observations. Phylogenetic analyses using both equal weighting and weighted parsimony determined phylogenetic placement within Plesiosauria.

RESULTS

is an early-diverging plesiosauroid and a sister taxon to and Cryptoclidia. MH 7 represents a subadult individual, providing an updated character state diagnosis of , which has hitherto only been known from the osteologically immature holotype SMNS 16812. The presence of multiple regionally distinct plesiosaur genera and species within the European epicontinental marine basins suggests possible paleobiogeographical segregation during the Toarcian.

摘要

背景

在德国南部霍尔茨马登附近的下侏罗统（托尔阶）波西多尼亚页岩组中发现了一具近乎完整且有关节的蛇颈龙骨架（MH 7）。与鱼龙和海鳄亚目鳄形类等其他海洋爬行动物相比，蛇颈龙遗骸在这个岩石单元中较为罕见。这个新标本为评估来自现今中欧地区的早侏罗世蛇颈龙的生物多样性提供了一个机会。

方法

基于第一手观察资料，对MH 7的骨骼学进行了描述，并与其他早侏罗世蛇颈龙进行了比较。使用等加权和加权简约法进行系统发育分析，以确定其在蛇颈龙目中的系统发育位置。

结果

是一种早期分化的蛇颈龙类，是和隐颈龙的姐妹分类单元。MH 7代表一个亚成年个体，对进行了更新的特征状态诊断，此前仅从骨骼发育不成熟的正模标本SMNS 16812中得知。欧洲陆缘海盆内存在多个区域独特的蛇颈龙属和种，这表明在托尔阶期间可能存在古生物地理隔离。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/74ca711d537f/peerj-13-18960-g015.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/31c284213ed5/peerj-13-18960-g011.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/990ef49402ec/peerj-13-18960-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/465f9d0e5442/peerj-13-18960-g014.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/1ed8bd84e404/peerj-13-18960-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/0aefd31feaa3/peerj-13-18960-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/0bb4738f49bd/peerj-13-18960-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/1361c2521138/peerj-13-18960-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/af368bb9bd84/peerj-13-18960-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/ffc64dc9a40d/peerj-13-18960-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/ae71c748105d/peerj-13-18960-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/80c37e5e0c76/peerj-13-18960-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/f52a5b557e79/peerj-13-18960-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/89ce742fffff/peerj-13-18960-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/31c284213ed5/peerj-13-18960-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/7cc41fa8540e/peerj-13-18960-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/990ef49402ec/peerj-13-18960-g013.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/465f9d0e5442/peerj-13-18960-g014.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b271/11967415/74ca711d537f/peerj-13-18960-g015.jpg

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