The multifaceted roles of plant aspartic proteases.

Aspartic proteases (APs) are extensively distributed across plant species and are integral to various developmental and defense mechanisms. This review initially examines the classification, biochemical properties, and advancements in the understanding of the subcellular localization of plant aspartic proteases. Subsequently, it delves into the diverse functions of aspartic proteases in plant vegetative and reproductive development, as well as their roles in responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. Additionally, the review addresses the specific functions of aspartic proteases in particular plant species, such as carnivorous plants and leguminous plants involved in nitrogen fixation. Collectively, this synthesis provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge regarding the roles of aspartic proteases in plants.