Haque Md Samiul, Kim Bumseok, You Myung-Jo
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Centre, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
J Vet Sci. 2025 Mar;26(2):e16. doi: 10.4142/jvs.24250.
Ticks transmit severe human and animal diseases, posing global health and economic risks. spreads infections like Rickettsia, Theileria, and Anaplasma, exacerbating concerns. Conventional tick control, including chemical acaricides, faces challenges like toxicity, non-target effects, and resistance. Innovative, sustainable strategies are essential. Advances in tick antigen research have identified molecular targets, paving the way for anti-tick vaccines as a promising, eco-friendly alternative to manage infestations and reduce tick-borne disease transmission. This review explores recent discoveries in tick antigens, the development of recombinant proteins, and their knockdown effects on infestations.
Several novel antigens target essential physiological processes for tick survival. Reproductive and developmental antigens, such as subolesin and subolesin+cystatin, regulate immunity and reproduction, reducing blood feeding, oviposition, egg mass, and hatching rates. Knockdown of recombinant P27/30 impairs embryogenesis, significantly reducing larval survival. Chitinase inhibition disrupts molting, impairing nymph development. Metabolic enzymes like enolase and GSK-3β regulate homeostasis and energy production; their inhibition reduces feeding efficiency and survivability. Additionally, ribosomal protein S27 and troponin I-like protein, essential for protein synthesis and muscle contraction, respectively, impact tick growth and mobility. These antigens may serve as valuable vaccine targets for controlling .
Anti-tick vaccines offer a cost-effective, sustainable alternative to chemical controls. Advances in transcriptomics, genomics, and proteomics have identified promising antigens, with subolesin, chitinase, troponin I-like protein, GSK-3β, and enolase demonstrating strong potential. Enolase, affecting immunity, reproduction, and pathogen transmission, emerges as the most effective target for reducing infestations.
蜱虫传播严重的人类和动物疾病，构成全球健康和经济风险。蜱虫传播诸如立克次氏体、泰勒虫和无形体等感染，加剧了人们的担忧。传统的蜱虫控制方法，包括化学杀螨剂，面临着毒性、非靶标效应和抗性等挑战。创新的、可持续的策略至关重要。蜱虫抗原研究的进展已经确定了分子靶点，为抗蜱疫苗铺平了道路，抗蜱疫苗是一种有前景的、生态友好的替代方法，可用于控制蜱虫侵扰并减少蜱虫传播疾病的传播。本综述探讨了蜱虫抗原的最新发现、重组蛋白的开发及其对蜱虫侵扰的抑制作用。
几种新型抗原靶向蜱虫生存所必需的生理过程。生殖和发育抗原，如亚油酸蛋白和亚油酸蛋白+半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂，调节免疫和繁殖，减少吸血、产卵、卵块和孵化率。重组P27/30的敲低会损害胚胎发生，显著降低幼虫存活率。几丁质酶抑制会破坏蜕皮，损害若虫发育。烯醇化酶和糖原合成酶激酶-3β等代谢酶调节体内平衡和能量产生；对它们的抑制会降低进食效率和生存能力。此外，核糖体蛋白S27和肌钙蛋白I样蛋白分别对蛋白质合成和肌肉收缩至关重要，影响蜱虫的生长和活动能力。这些抗原可能是控制蜱虫的有价值的疫苗靶点。
抗蜱疫苗为化学控制提供了一种经济有效、可持续的替代方法。转录组学、基因组学和蛋白质组学的进展已经确定了有前景的抗原，亚油酸蛋白、几丁质酶、肌钙蛋白I样蛋白、糖原合成酶激酶-3β和烯醇化酶显示出强大的潜力。烯醇化酶影响免疫、繁殖和病原体传播，是减少蜱虫侵扰最有效的靶点。
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