Tian Yinghao, Bao Xiaogang, Wang Shunmin, Tang Chen, Wu Nianqi, Li Guifei, Ren Kaixuan, Yin Jingbo, Yan Shifeng, Xu Guohua
Department of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Spine Surgical Center, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
Acta Biomater. 2025 Jun 15;200:326-339. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.04.002. Epub 2025 Apr 2.
Skin injuries represent a significant clinical challenge, as conventional dressings frequently induce secondary trauma and microbial infiltration due to suboptimal barrier properties, ultimately delaying tissue repair. Ideal wound dressings should not only replicate the structure of native skin tissue but also create an environment conducive to cell viability. In this study, an injectable nanofiber composite self-healing hydrogel was developed for treating infected wounds. The antimicrobial properties of the hydrogel were achieved through the adsorption of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) on gelatin fibers, while its self-healing capabilities were enhanced via Schiff base reactions and its tissue adhesion was strengthened by the incorporation of dopamine. Results demonstrated that the hydrogel exhibited strong biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity, promoted macrophage polarization towards the M2 phenotype, effectively suppressed inflammation, and facilitated wound healing in an infected wound model. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Wound infections pose a significant clinical challenge, often impeding healing and, in severe cases, leading to ulceration or life-threatening complications. In this study, a gelatin nanofiber composite hydrogel (PGF@ALG/PLGA hydrogel) functionalized with branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) was developed to address infected wounds through a biomimetic structure and enhanced pro-healing properties. The gelatin nanofibers within the hydrogel matrix facilitated electrostatic immobilization of PEI, effectively mitigating its inherent cytotoxicity by restricting free cationic charge exposure while ensuring localized surface enrichment. The resulting hydrogel exhibited robust tissue adhesion and autonomous self-healing capability. In infected wound models, the PEI-modified nanofibers within PGF@ALG/PLGA hydrogels demonstrated obvious antibacterial efficacy and promoted macrophage polarization to the M2 phenotype, synergistically accelerating the transition from the inflammatory phase to tissue regeneration. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of PGF@ALG/PLGA hydrogel as a multifunctional platform for managing chronic infected wounds.
皮肤损伤是一项重大的临床挑战，因为传统敷料由于屏障性能欠佳，常常会引发二次创伤和微生物侵入，最终延缓组织修复。理想的伤口敷料不仅应复制天然皮肤组织的结构，还应营造有利于细胞存活的环境。在本研究中，开发了一种可注射的纳米纤维复合自愈合水凝胶用于治疗感染伤口。该水凝胶的抗菌性能通过在明胶纤维上吸附支化聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）实现，而其自愈合能力通过席夫碱反应得以增强，并且通过加入多巴胺强化了其组织粘附性。结果表明，该水凝胶表现出强大的生物相容性和抗菌活性，促进巨噬细胞向M2表型极化，有效抑制炎症，并在感染伤口模型中促进伤口愈合。
重要性声明：伤口感染是一项重大的临床挑战，常常阻碍愈合，严重时会导致溃疡或危及生命的并发症。在本研究中，开发了一种用支化聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）功能化的明胶纳米纤维复合水凝胶（PGF@ALG/PLGA水凝胶），通过仿生结构和增强的促愈合特性来处理感染伤口。水凝胶基质中的明胶纳米纤维促进了PEI的静电固定，通过限制游离阳离子电荷暴露有效减轻了其固有的细胞毒性，同时确保了局部表面富集。所得水凝胶表现出强大的组织粘附性和自主自愈合能力。在感染伤口模型中，PGF@ALG/PLGA水凝胶中的PEI修饰纳米纤维显示出明显的抗菌效果，并促进巨噬细胞向M2表型极化，协同加速从炎症期向组织再生的转变。这些发现强调了PGF@ALG/PLGA水凝胶作为管理慢性感染伤口的多功能平台的治疗潜力。
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