富水弱胶结砂岩巷道稳定性分级控制支护的数值模拟与物理模拟

Kang Xin, Xie Xiongyao, Zeng Kun, Li Anyun

Department of Geotechnical Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.

State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 4;15(1):11635. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96269-z.

In roadway construction through water-rich, weakly cemented sandstone, significant surrounding rock deformation complicates support efforts, impacting construction schedules. Therefore, developing and testing new support technologies is crucial before field application. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a staged control support technology through numerical simulations using ABAQUS and physical modeling experiments. A novel method to simulate the yielding of anchor bolts was developed by altering material properties to achieve ideal plastic deformation. The numerical simulation results indicate that the staged control support method is more effective than traditional anchor mesh support in controlling surrounding rock deformation. After roadway construction, the maximum deformation of the surrounding rock reached 33.9 cm, reduced by 16.1%. The maximum principal stresses of the surrounding rock were reduced by 88.9%, 39%, and 31.6% at the top, left side, and right side, respectively. The maximum principal stresses of the lining at the top, left side, and right side were reduced by 5.6%, 5%, and 6.9%, respectively, compared to anchor mesh support. To validate the conclusions, physical modeling tests were conducted using site-derived materials and 3D printing technology. The results show that the deformations of the staged control support were reduced by 13.1%, 2.2%, and 3.9%, and the anchor rod axial forces decreased by 4.6%, 3.2%, and 3.1% compared to anchor mesh support. These findings suggest that the staged control support method results in more uniform surrounding rock deformation, reduces pressure on the support system, and eliminates localized stress concentrations.

在通过富水、弱胶结砂岩进行巷道施工时，显著的围岩变形使支护工作变得复杂，影响施工进度。因此，在现场应用之前开发和测试新的支护技术至关重要。本研究通过使用ABAQUS进行数值模拟和物理模拟实验，评估了分段控制支护技术的有效性。通过改变材料属性以实现理想塑性变形，开发了一种模拟锚杆屈服的新方法。数值模拟结果表明，分段控制支护方法在控制围岩变形方面比传统锚网支护更有效。巷道施工后，围岩最大变形达到33.9厘米，减少了16.1%。围岩顶部、左侧和右侧的最大主应力分别降低了88.9%、39%和31.6%。与锚网支护相比，衬砌顶部、左侧和右侧的最大主应力分别降低了5.6%、5%和6.9%。为验证结论，使用现场材料和3D打印技术进行了物理模拟试验。结果表明，与锚网支护相比，分段控制支护的变形分别减少了13.1%、2.2%和3.9%，锚杆轴力分别降低了4.6%、3.2%和3.1%。这些发现表明，分段控制支护方法可使围岩变形更均匀，减轻支护系统压力，并消除局部应力集中。