High internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by soybean glycinin-debranched starch flexible particles: Characterization, rapid formation and slow digestion mechanism.

Soybean glycinin (11S)-debranched starch (DBS) conjugate particles rapidly form stable, biocompatible high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs, φ = 0.8) with slow-digestion properties in 15 s, overcoming limitations of transport dynamics and interfacial performance. The high contact angle of 11S-DBS particles at the oil-water interface enhances interfacial performance, and kinetic analysis of droplet size and particle adsorption provides insight into rapid adsorption kinetics during emulsion formation. The high molecular flexibility (0.233) of 11S-DBS particles further elucidates their interfacial behavior. The ratio of 11S to DBS affects not only interfacial properties but also droplet size, zeta potential, rheological properties, and encapsulation efficiency. Lissajous plot analysis revealed differences in viscoelasticity, while confocal microscopy confirmed microstructure and particle distribution. The HIPPEs exhibited excellent physical and storage stability, with high encapsulation efficiency and slow-digestion behavior, demonstrating their potential for applications in food, medical delivery systems, and advanced materials.