患有重度抑郁症的年轻成年人中注意缺陷多动障碍的共病情况。
Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adults who had major depressive disorder.
作者信息
Yazıcı Merve, Puşuroğlu Meltem
机构信息
From the Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Rize, Turkiye.
From the Department of Psychiatry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkiye.
出版信息
Ann Saudi Med. 2025 Mar-Apr;45(2):95-103. doi: 10.5144/0256-4947.2025.95. Epub 2025 Apr 3.
BACKGROUND
The comorbidity of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults is well recognized. The role of ADHD in the etiology of MDD, as well as the overlap of genetic and environmental factors between these two disorders, is an area of research. ADHD symptoms are considered risk factors for MDD.
OBJECTIVES
The study aimed to examine the relationship between MDD in young adults with history of ADHD.
DESIGN
Retrospective and observational study.
SETTINGS
Outpatient clinic of a tertiary hospital.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Data of young adults diagnosed with MDD, aged 18-25 years and seen between January 2017 and May 2023, were included. Individuals with comorbidities other than ADHD in adulthood were excluded from the study. The sociodemographic and clinical data of a total of 489 cases, as well as data on childhood psychiatric referrals, diagnoses, and treatment histories, were retrospectively examined.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
ADHD diagnosis history and clinical impact in adults diagnosed with MDD.
SAMPLE SIZE
RESULTS
A total of 489 cases (68.9% female) with a mean age of 21.14 years were included in the study. It was determined that 8% of the cases had ADHD in adulthood, 13.3% in childhood, and 31.9% had at least one mental health diagnosis during childhood. The rate of ADHD diagnosis was significantly higher in males than females in both adulthood and childhood. Additionally, the age of diagnosis of MDD was lower in individuals with ADHD diagnosis and/or those who have discontinued ADHD treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
In young adults diagnosed with MDD, the comorbidity of ADHD should also be considered. It is important to acknowledge that ADHD is not just a childhood disorder but a lifelong disorder due to its negative consequences, and to develop appropriate strategies in this regard.
LIMITATİONS: Retrospective observational design and the single-center setting, which may affect the generalizability of the findings.
背景
成人重度抑郁症（MDD）与注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的共病现象已得到广泛认可。ADHD在MDD病因中的作用，以及这两种疾病在遗传和环境因素方面的重叠，是一个研究领域。ADHD症状被认为是MDD的危险因素。
目的
本研究旨在探讨有ADHD病史的年轻成年人中MDD之间的关系。
设计
回顾性观察研究。
地点
一家三级医院的门诊诊所。
患者和方法
纳入2017年1月至2023年5月期间就诊的18至25岁被诊断为MDD的年轻成年人的数据。成年期患有ADHD以外其他共病的个体被排除在研究之外。回顾性检查了总共489例患者的社会人口统计学和临床数据，以及儿童期精神科转诊、诊断和治疗史的数据。
主要观察指标
ADHD诊断史及其对被诊断为MDD的成年人的临床影响。
样本量
489例。
结果
本研究共纳入489例患者（68.9%为女性），平均年龄为21.14岁。结果显示，8%的患者成年期患有ADHD，13.3%儿童期患有ADHD，31.9%在儿童期至少有一次心理健康诊断。ADHD诊断率在成年期和儿童期男性均显著高于女性。此外，有ADHD诊断和/或已停止ADHD治疗的个体中，MDD的诊断年龄较低。
结论
在被诊断为MDD的年轻成年人中，也应考虑ADHD的共病情况。必须认识到，由于ADHD的负面影响，它不仅是一种儿童期疾病而是一种终身疾病，并应在这方面制定适当的策略。
局限性
回顾性观察设计和单中心设置，可能会影响研究结果的普遍性。
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