Moradell Ana, Iguacel Isabel, Navarrete-Villanueva David, Fernández-García Ángel Iván, González-Gross Marcela, Pérez-Gómez Jorge, Ara Ignacio, Casajús Jose Antonio, Gómez-Cabello Alba, Vicente-Rodríguez Germán
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (EXER-GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Exercise and Health Spanish Research Net (EXERNET) (RED2022-134800-T),, Zaragoza, Spain.
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025 Apr 7;37(1):117. doi: 10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w.
This study analyzes the effects of a 6-month multicomponent exercise program (MCT) followed by a 4-month detraining period on functional and cognitive status in pre-frail and frail older adults.
A total of 108 pre-frail and frail adults aged 65 and older participated in the study. They were assigned by convenience to either a control group (CG) or an intervention group (IG). The IG underwent a 6-month MCT followed by a 4-month detraining period. Assessments included a DT test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and evaluations of basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.
Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for the DT test (p < 0.05). The IG showed improved DT performance after the 6-month MCT (4.0, 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.7 s), followed by a decline after the detraining period (-1.1, 95% CI: -2.1 to -0.2 s). However, performance after detraining remained higher than at baseline (2.9, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.6 s, p < 0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in the CG. Additionally, no significant effects were found for MMSE scores or daily activity questionnaires.
MCT had beneficial effects on functional and cognitive performance in older adults, as assessed by the DT test. However, improvements in DT performance did not translate into better daily life activities. Although the 4-month detraining period negatively impacted DT performance, the results remained superior to baseline levels.
NCT03831841 and date of registration: 5th of November 2018.
本研究分析了为期6个月的多组分运动计划（MCT），随后为期4个月的停训期，对虚弱前期和虚弱老年人功能及认知状态的影响。
共有108名65岁及以上的虚弱前期和虚弱成年人参与了本研究。根据便利原则，将他们分为对照组（CG）或干预组（IG）。干预组进行了为期6个月的MCT，随后是4个月的停训期。评估包括数字符号替换测验（DT）、定时起立行走测试（TUG）、简易精神状态检查表（MMSE），以及对基本和工具性日常生活活动的评估。使用重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析。
DT测试观察到显著的组×时间交互作用（p < 0.05）。干预组在6个月的MCT后DT表现有所改善（4.0，95%置信区间：2.2至5.7秒），随后在停训期后下降（-1.1，95%置信区间：-2.1至-0.2秒）。然而，停训后的表现仍高于基线水平（2.9，95%置信区间：1.0至4.6秒，p < 0.05）。对照组未观察到统计学上的显著变化。此外，MMSE评分或日常活动问卷未发现显著影响。
根据DT测试评估，MCT对老年人的功能和认知表现有有益影响。然而，DT表现的改善并未转化为更好的日常生活活动能力。尽管4个月的停训期对DT表现有负面影响，但结果仍优于基线水平。
NCT03831841，注册日期：2018年11月5日。
