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视觉工作记忆中基于语义和颜色相似性的分组:一种注意机制,而非压缩机制。

Grouping by semantic and color similarity in visual working memory: An attentional mechanism, not compression mechanism.

作者信息

Ramzaoui Hanane, Mathy Fabien, Morey Candice C

机构信息

Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University.

Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Universite Cote d'Azur.

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2025 Apr 7. doi: 10.1037/xlm0001482.

Abstract

Few studies have examined whether semantic relatedness between objects can influence object grouping, thereby optimizing the efficiency of visual working memory (WM). Moreover, these studies have largely used real-world grayscale objects. Here, we sought to determine whether and how sharing object semantics and colors would benefit WM. Participants viewed six to-be-remembered objects, arranged as one semantically related and/or perceptually similar object pair plus four singletons, or as six singletons. Perceptually similar pairs shared color, while semantically related pairs included co-occurring objects. Our series of three experiments mainly showed redundancy advantages, with memory of related objects improved over that of singletons. This advantage was present for similarly colored objects in all experiments and under conditions that allowed deeper information processing by facilitating access to knowledge (longer encoding or retention times), extended to semantically related objects. None of the experiments showed any redundancy-boost on overall WM performance, with memory for scenes comprising a related pair not differing from that for scenes comprising only singletons. The experiments also showed no capacity spillover for singletons in the presence of pairs. Overall, the results support the existence of an attentional encoding bias and rule out the compression hypothesis to explain the benefits of grouping by semantic and color similarity. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

摘要

很少有研究考察物体之间的语义相关性是否会影响物体分组,从而优化视觉工作记忆(WM)的效率。此外,这些研究大多使用现实世界中的灰度物体。在这里,我们试图确定共享物体语义和颜色是否以及如何有益于工作记忆。参与者观看六个要记忆的物体,这些物体被排列成一对语义相关和/或感知相似的物体加上四个单独的物体,或者六个单独的物体。感知相似的物对共享颜色,而语义相关的物对包括经常同时出现的物体。我们的一系列三个实验主要显示了冗余优势,相关物体的记忆比单独物体的记忆有所改善。在所有实验中,对于颜色相似的物体,以及在通过促进知识获取(更长的编码或保持时间)允许进行更深入信息处理的条件下,这种优势都存在,并扩展到语义相关的物体。没有一个实验显示出对整体工作记忆表现有任何冗余增强作用,包含一个相关物对的场景的记忆与仅包含单独物体的场景的记忆没有差异。实验还表明,在存在物对的情况下,单独物体不存在容量溢出。总体而言,结果支持注意力编码偏差的存在,并排除了压缩假设来解释通过语义和颜色相似性进行分组的益处。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c)2025美国心理学会,保留所有权利)

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