This paper analyzes the influence of peer relationship on mobile phone dependence of middle school students, and probes into the chain mediating role of Self-respect and self-control. Using multi-stage random stratified cluster sampling method, 2311 middle school students in Wuling Mountain District were selected to explore the relationship between peer relationship and mobile phone dependence, Self-respect and self-control by using peer relationship scale, mobile phone dependence Scale, Self-respect scale and self-control scale. Correlation analysis showed that peer relationship, Peer relationship was positively correlated with Self-respect and self-control (r = 0.399, r = 0.291, P < 0.01), while peer relationship was negatively correlated with mobile phone dependence (r=- 0.227, P < 0.01). Mobile phone dependence was negatively correlated with Self-respect and self-control (r=- 0.409, r=- 0.629, P < 0.01). Self-respect was positively correlated with self-control (r = 0.519, P < 0.01). The structural equation model shows that Self-respect and self-control play a partial mediating role in the relationship between peer relationship and mobile phone dependence, in which the mediating effect size of Self-respect is - 0.098 (effect size 18.63%, 95%CI=- 0.140- 0.059), and the mediating effect size of self-control is - 0.131 (effect size 24.90%, 95%CI=- 0.188- 0.073); The chain mediating effect size of Self-respect and self-control was - 0.252 (effect size 47.91%, 95%CI = - 0.293~- 0.434). We should actively intervene the problem of mobile phone dependence of middle school students, improve Self-respect and self-control ability through good peer relationship, effectively improve their health behavior, and promote mental health.