Ojha Ashma, Shrestha Ashish, Bhagat Tarakant, Bhatta Narendra, Uprety Augraj, Agrawal Santosh Kumari
Department of Public Health Dentistry, College of Dental Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 Apr 7;25(1):495. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05881-y.
Periodontitis and pulmonary disease both are common diseases of humans worldwide and are interconnected to each other. Pulmonary disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. Poor periodontal health has been attributed to enhance multiple systemic diseases including respiratory disease. Therefore, the study was carried out to determine the periodontal status of patients presenting with pulmonary disease and also to assess the association of periodontitis with pulmonary disease along with their oral health behavior.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 103 patients (> 18 years) diagnosed primarily with pulmonary disease in pulmonology/internal medicine ward of a tertiary health care facility in eastern Nepal. A pretested structured questionnaire (WHO-2013 oral health questionnaire for adults/ Global adult tobacco survey questionnaire) was used to assess oral health behavior of participants. Plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and attachment loss were recorded to assess periodontal condition. Chi square test, t-test and ANOVA were used based on nature of variables. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
The mean age of participants was 63.57 (± 16.42) ranging from 19 - 89 years. Male participants were higher (60.2%) compared to female (39.8%). Most of the participants were former smokers (79.6%) and former smokeless tobacco users (62.1%). Majority of the participants had fair plaque control (75.6%) and moderate form of gingivitis (92.2%). Of the total (n = 103) participants, 36.9% (n = 38) were diagnosed with COPD, 23.3% (n = 24) with pneumonia, 18.4% (n = 19) with pulmonary tuberculosis and 21.4% (n = 22) with lung malignancy. Overall, 85.5% of participants had periodontitis. More than two-thirds (73.3%) had moderate periodontitis, followed by severe periodontitis (11.1%). Out of all forms of pulmonary disease periodontitis was found to be higher in COPD group (33.8%). No association was observed between periodontitis and pulmonary disease (p = 0.05) whereas former smokers, former smokeless tobacco users and gingival index score was found to be associated (p < 0.05).
More than two-third of the participants diagnosed primarily with pulmonary disease had periodontitis. No association was observed between periodontitis and pulmonary disease. However, gingival index score, habit of smoking and smokeless tobacco was associated with periodontitis.
牙周炎和肺部疾病都是全球人类的常见疾病，且相互关联。肺部疾病是全球发病和死亡的主要原因之一。牙周健康状况不佳被认为会加重包括呼吸系统疾病在内的多种全身性疾病。因此，开展本研究以确定患有肺部疾病患者的牙周状况，并评估牙周炎与肺部疾病的关联以及他们的口腔健康行为。
在尼泊尔东部一家三级医疗保健机构的肺病科/内科病房，对103名主要诊断为肺部疾病的患者（年龄>18岁）进行了一项横断面研究。使用预先测试的结构化问卷（世界卫生组织2013年成人口腔健康问卷/全球成人烟草调查问卷）评估参与者的口腔健康行为。记录菌斑指数、牙龈指数、牙周袋深度和附着丧失情况以评估牙周状况。根据变量的性质使用卡方检验、t检验和方差分析。显著性水平设定为p<0.05。
参与者的平均年龄为63.57（±16.42）岁，年龄范围为19 - 89岁。男性参与者（60.2%）多于女性（39.8%）。大多数参与者为既往吸烟者（79.6%）和既往无烟烟草使用者（62.1%）。大多数参与者菌斑控制良好（75.6%），患有中度牙龈炎（92.2%）。在总共103名参与者中，36.9%（n = 38）被诊断为慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD），23.3%（n = 24）为肺炎，18.4%（n = 19）为肺结核，21.4%（n = 22）为肺癌。总体而言，85.5%的参与者患有牙周炎。超过三分之二（73.3%）患有中度牙周炎，其次是重度牙周炎（11.1%）。在所有形式的肺部疾病中，COPD组的牙周炎发病率更高（33.8%）。未观察到牙周炎与肺部疾病之间存在关联（p = 0.05），而既往吸烟者、既往无烟烟草使用者和牙龈指数评分被发现存在关联（p<0.05）。
超过三分之二主要诊断为肺部疾病的参与者患有牙周炎。未观察到牙周炎与肺部疾病之间存在关联。然而，牙龈指数评分、吸烟和无烟烟草习惯与牙周炎有关。
