心血管疾病成人对身体活动指南的依从性趋势及可穿戴设备对依从性的影响：来自全国代表性样本的研究结果
Adherence Trends to Physical Activity Guidelines in Adults With Cardiovascular Diseases and the Impact of Wearables on Adherence: Findings From a National Representative Sample.
作者信息
Madujibeya Ifeanyi, Aroh Adaeze C
出版信息
J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2025;40(3):E139-E148. doi: 10.1097/JCN.0000000000001101. Epub 2024 May 27.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) is crucial for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, adherence to PA guidelines remains challenging.
OBJECTIVES
We examined adherence trends to PA guidelines among adults with CVD and the effects of engagement with wearables on adherence.
METHODS
We used data from 3 cycles of the Health Information National Trends Survey collected in 2019, 2020, and 2022. Adults 18 years or older with a self-reported history of CVD were included in the study. Adherence to PA guidelines was measured as self-reported engagement in at least 150 min/wk of moderate-intensity aerobic PA and a minimum of 2 d/wk of muscle-strengthening activity. Engagement with wearables was assessed as the use of wearables within the past 12 months and the frequency of use in the past month. Weighted multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the effect of engagement on adherence to the PA guidelines.
RESULTS
The sample comprised 1540 respondents. The estimated proportions of adults with CVD who adhered to aerobic PA guidelines were 22.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.8-27.8), 29.6% (95% CI, 21.8-35.4), and 27.2% (95% CI, 21.8-30.0) in 2019, 2020, and 2022, respectively. In addition, 24.0% (95% CI, 18.4-29.7), 25.6% (95% CI, 18.9-32.3), and 26.8% (95% CI, 21.1-32.4) adhered to muscle-strengthening activity guidelines in 2019, 2020, and 2022, respectively. There were no significant changes in adherence trends for either aerobic (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; P = .228) or muscle-strengthening (OR, 1.07; P = .508) activities in the included years. The use of wearables was positively associated with adherence to aerobic PA (OR, 2.72; P = .023) and muscle-strengthening activity (OR, 2.85; P = .020) in the cumulative years.
CONCLUSIONS
Adherence to PA guidelines among adults with CVD remains consistently low. However, the use of wearables may be beneficial for promoting adherence.
背景
身体活动对心血管疾病（CVD）的一级和二级预防至关重要；然而，遵守身体活动指南仍然具有挑战性。
目的
我们研究了患有心血管疾病的成年人对身体活动指南的遵守趋势，以及使用可穿戴设备对遵守情况的影响。
方法
我们使用了2019年、2020年和2022年收集的三轮健康信息国家趋势调查的数据。研究纳入了18岁及以上自我报告有心血管疾病史的成年人。对身体活动指南的遵守情况通过自我报告每周至少进行150分钟中等强度有氧身体活动以及每周至少进行2天肌肉强化活动来衡量。对可穿戴设备的使用情况通过过去12个月内是否使用可穿戴设备以及过去一个月的使用频率来评估。采用加权多变量逻辑回归来研究使用可穿戴设备对遵守身体活动指南的影响。
结果
样本包括1540名受访者。2019年、2020年和2022年，患有心血管疾病且遵守有氧身体活动指南的成年人估计比例分别为22.9%（95%置信区间[CI]，16.8 - 27.8）、29.6%（95%CI，21.8 - 35.4）和27.2%（95%CI，21.8 - 30.0）。此外，2019年、2020年和2022年分别有24.0%（95%CI，18.4 - 29.7）、25.6%（95%CI，18.9 - 32.3）和26.8%（95%CI，21.1 - 32.4）的人遵守肌肉强化活动指南。在纳入的年份中，有氧（优势比[OR]，1.12；P = 0.228）或肌肉强化（OR，1.07；P = 0.508）活动的遵守趋势没有显著变化。在累计年份中，使用可穿戴设备与遵守有氧身体活动（OR，2.72；P = 0.023）和肌肉强化活动（OR，2.85；P = 0.020）呈正相关。
结论
患有心血管疾病的成年人对身体活动指南的遵守率一直很低。然而，使用可穿戴设备可能有助于提高遵守率。
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