Makita Kohei, Yoshida Mao, Ukita Makoto, Matsuoka Takeshi, Sakai Masato, Tamura Yutaka
WOAH Collaborating Centre Consortium for Food Safety, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan.
Japan Veterinary Medical Association, Tokyo, Japan.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 25;12:1496422. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1496422. eCollection 2025.
In Japan, programs to monitor antimicrobial use in companion animals have not been established. To fill this gap, the Japan Veterinary Medical Association has conducted surveys of actual use. The aims of this paper are to clarify the frequency and factors associated with the use of human antimicrobials in Japanese small-animal clinics.
Antimicrobial usage and awareness surveys were conducted at 260 veterinary clinics between November 2021 and February 2022 using two questionnaires. The annual use of each antimicrobial drug was categorized by frequency, and the median value of each category, with a score of 50 for the choice ≥50, was used to quantify usage frequency. Important antimicrobial drugs for human use were defined as rank I antibiotics of the Food Safety Commission. Knowledge and awareness factors associated with the use of important antimicrobial drugs for human use were analyzed using three approaches. First, the use of important drugs was examined using a generalized linear model (GLM) with binomial errors. Second, a vector generalized linear and additive model with zero-inflated binomial errors was used to evaluate the proportion of important drugs among the annual frequency of use of human antimicrobial drugs. Third, at the drug level, selecting veterinary clinics using important human drugs, univariable GLMs with Poisson errors were used to evaluate the frequency of important human drug use, with the log number of employees as the offset term.
The response rates were 71.2 and 72.3% for the antimicrobial usage and awareness surveys, respectively. All of the facilities used human antimicrobial drugs, and 57.1% (93/163) of facilities used important human antimicrobial drugs. Important human antimicrobial drugs accounted for 21.7% of the frequency of use of human antimicrobial drugs annually (7,342/33,896 times). In terms of the proportion of important human drugs and frequency of important human drug use, the use of important human antimicrobial drugs was low in cases of high awareness of prudent use of antimicrobial drugs and where tests for evidence-based judgment were introduced, but was high when price and ease of use were emphasized.
Antibiotic stewardship should be further promoted in Japanese small-animal clinics through educational and information dissemination activities.
在日本，尚未建立监测伴侣动物抗菌药物使用情况的项目。为填补这一空白，日本兽医协会开展了实际使用情况调查。本文旨在阐明日本小动物诊所使用人用抗菌药物的频率及相关因素。
2021年11月至2022年2月期间，使用两份问卷对260家兽医诊所进行了抗菌药物使用情况和认知度调查。每种抗菌药物的年使用量按频率分类，每类的中位数（选择≥50次得分为50）用于量化使用频率。将对人类重要的抗菌药物定义为食品安全委员会的I级抗生素。使用三种方法分析了与使用对人类重要的抗菌药物相关的知识和认知因素。首先，使用具有二项式误差的广义线性模型（GLM）检查重要药物的使用情况。其次，使用具有零膨胀二项式误差的向量广义线性和加性模型来评估重要药物在人用抗菌药物年使用频率中的比例。第三，在药物层面，选择使用重要人用药物的兽医诊所，使用具有泊松误差的单变量GLM来评估重要人用药物的使用频率，以员工对数作为偏移项。
抗菌药物使用情况和认知度调查的回复率分别为71.2%和72.3%。所有机构都使用人用抗菌药物，57.1%（93/163）的机构使用对人类重要的抗菌药物。对人类重要的抗菌药物占人用抗菌药物年使用频率的21.7%（7342/33896次）。就重要人用药物的比例和重要人用药物的使用频率而言，在对抗菌药物谨慎使用的认知度较高且引入了循证判断检测的情况下，对人类重要的抗菌药物使用量较低，但在强调价格和易用性时使用量较高。
应通过教育和信息传播活动，在日本小动物诊所进一步推广抗生素管理。
