Lan Vu Thi Hoang, Quyen Bui Thi Tu, Duy Pham Quang, Hoang Le, Minh Hoang Van
Faculty of Fundamental Sciences, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Faculty of Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Int J Public Health. 2025 Mar 25;70:1608065. doi: 10.3389/ijph.2025.1608065. eCollection 2025.
This study investigates changes in salt intake and reduction practices among Vietnamese adults (ages 18-69), focusing on high-risk groups for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like hypertension, diabetes, and elevated BMI.
Participants aged 18-69 from the 2015 and 2020 STEPs surveys provided data on the spot urine test. Average daily salt intake was calculated using the Intersalt Southern European equation. The prevalence of excessive salt intake was assessed, along with subgroup analyses based on demographic factors and NCD risk.
Average salt intake decreased significantly from 9.42 g/day in 2015 to 8.07 g/day in 2020 (p < 0.01), with the most substantial decline among younger individuals. The percentage exceeding the global average of 10.78 g/day dropped from 24.88% to 8.31%. High-risk groups, including those with hypertension and diabetes, consumed more salt but also showed reductions. Awareness of salt reduction advice remained low, with only 60.9% of the general population informed.
While progress has been made in reducing salt intake, ongoing public health initiatives are essential to meet recommended levels, especially for high-risk populations.
本研究调查了越南成年人（18 - 69岁）的盐摄入量变化及减盐措施，重点关注高血压、糖尿病和BMI升高这类非传染性疾病（NCDs）的高危人群。
来自2015年和2020年“全球成人烟草调查（STEP）”的18 - 69岁参与者提供了即时尿样检测数据。使用南欧INTERSALT方程计算平均每日盐摄入量。评估了过量盐摄入的患病率，并基于人口统计学因素和非传染性疾病风险进行了亚组分析。
平均盐摄入量从2015年的9.42克/天显著降至2020年的8.07克/天（p < 0.01），其中年轻人下降幅度最大。超过全球平均水平10.78克/天的比例从24.88%降至8.31%。包括高血压和糖尿病患者在内的高危人群盐摄入量更高，但也出现了下降。减盐建议的知晓率仍然较低，只有60.9%的普通人群知晓。
虽然在减少盐摄入量方面取得了进展，但持续开展公共卫生举措对于达到推荐水平至关重要，尤其是对于高危人群。
