Kong Xiangyi, Xie Xintong, Wu Juan, Wang Xiangyu, Zhang Wenxiang, Wang Shuowen, Abbasova Daria Valerievna, Fang Yi, Jiang Hongnan, Gao Jidong, Wang Jing
Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P. R. China.
Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.
Cancer Commun (Lond). 2025 Jul;45(7):813-840. doi: 10.1002/cac2.70025. Epub 2025 Apr 10.
Cancer immunotherapy offers renewed hope for treating this disease. However, cancer cells possess inherent mechanisms that enable them to circumvent each stage of the immune cycle, thereby evading anti-cancer immunity and leading to resistance. Various functionalized nanoparticles (NPs), modified with cationic lipids, pH-sensitive compounds, or photosensitizers, exhibit unique physicochemical properties that facilitate the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells or the tumor microenvironment (TME). These NPs are engineered to modify immune activity. The crucial signal transduction pathways and mechanisms by which functionalized NPs counteract immunotherapy resistance are outlined, including enhancing antigen presentation, boosting the activation and infiltration of tumor-specific immune cells, inducing immunogenic cell death, and counteracting immunosuppressive conditions in the TME. Additionally, this review summarizes current clinical trials involving NP-based immunotherapy. Ultimately, it highlights the potential of nanotechnology to advance cancer immunotherapy.
癌症免疫疗法为治疗这种疾病带来了新的希望。然而，癌细胞具有内在机制，使其能够规避免疫循环的每个阶段，从而逃避免疫抗癌作用并导致耐药性。各种用阳离子脂质、pH敏感化合物或光敏剂修饰的功能化纳米颗粒（NPs）表现出独特的物理化学性质，有助于将治疗剂靶向递送至癌细胞或肿瘤微环境（TME）。这些纳米颗粒经过设计以改变免疫活性。概述了功能化纳米颗粒对抗免疫治疗耐药性的关键信号转导途径和机制，包括增强抗原呈递、促进肿瘤特异性免疫细胞的激活和浸润、诱导免疫原性细胞死亡以及对抗TME中的免疫抑制条件。此外，本综述总结了目前涉及基于纳米颗粒的免疫疗法的临床试验。最终，它突出了纳米技术推进癌症免疫疗法的潜力。
