Terraza-Silvestre Elena, Villamuera Raquel, Bandera-Linero Julia, Letek Michal, Oña-Sánchez Daniel, Ramón-Barros Cristina, Moyano-Jimeno Clara, Pimentel-Muiños Felipe X
Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071, León, Spain.
Nat Commun. 2025 Apr 10;16(1):3409. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-58619-3.
Mobilisation of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) determines the immunogenic properties of apoptosis, but the mechanisms that control DAMP exposure are still unclear. Here we describe an unconventional autophagic pathway that inhibits the release of ATP, a critical DAMP in immunogenic apoptosis, from dying cells. Mitochondrial BAK activated by BH3-only molecules interacts with prohibitins and stomatin-1 through its latch domain, indicating the existence of an interactome specifically assembled by unfolded BAK. This complex engages the WD40 domain of the autophagic effector ATG16L1 to induce unconventional autophagy, and the resulting LC3-positive vesicles contain ATP. Functional interference with the pathway increases ATP release during cell death, reduces ATP levels remaining in the apoptotic bodies, and improves phagocyte activation. These results reveal that an unconventional component of the autophagic burst that often accompanies apoptosis sequesters intracellular ATP to prevent its release, thus favouring the immunosilent nature of apoptotic cell death.
损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)的动员决定了细胞凋亡的免疫原性,但控制DAMP暴露的机制仍不清楚。在这里,我们描述了一种非常规的自噬途径,该途径可抑制免疫原性细胞凋亡中关键的DAMP——ATP从垂死细胞中释放。仅含BH3结构域的分子激活的线粒体BAK通过其闩锁结构域与禁止素和气孔蛋白-1相互作用,这表明存在一种由未折叠的BAK特异性组装的相互作用组。该复合物与自噬效应蛋白ATG16L1的WD40结构域结合以诱导非常规自噬,并且产生的LC3阳性囊泡含有ATP。对该途径的功能干扰会增加细胞死亡期间的ATP释放,降低凋亡小体中剩余的ATP水平,并改善吞噬细胞的激活。这些结果表明,通常伴随细胞凋亡的自噬爆发的一个非常规成分会隔离细胞内的ATP以防止其释放,从而有利于凋亡细胞死亡的免疫沉默性质。