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从青春期前到成年期，大鼠乳腺会经历动态的转录组和脂质组修饰。

The rat mammary gland undergoes dynamic transcriptomic and lipidomic modifications from pre-puberty to adulthood.

作者信息

Tovar-Parra David, McDermott Alec, Juarez Melany N, Cardot Jysiane, Sylla Mame Sokhna, Berthiaume Line, Delbès Géraldine, Pelletier Martin, Audet-Walsh Étienne, Plante Isabelle

机构信息

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique INRS, Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Canada.

Axe Endocrinologie-Néphrologie, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.

出版信息

Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 10;15(1):12222. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-97532-z.

DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-97532-z
PMID:40210913
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11986145/
Abstract

Mammary gland development is a complex process involving dynamic interaction between the epithelial and stromal components at different critical stages, particularly around puberty. While epithelial tissue changes are well-documented, stromal mechanisms are less understood. To address this gap, this study employed histology, lipidomic, and transcriptomic analyses to investigate molecular and cellular dynamics in the mammary gland during pre-puberty (Post Natal Day (PND21)), peri-puberty (PND46), and adulthood (PND90) in rats. The epithelial area was significantly smaller at PND21 than at PND46 and PND90, with a higher complexity at PND21 compared to PND46. Significant differences in adipocyte number and size were observed between PND21, PND46, and PND90. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 1563 genes changed significantly between PND21 and PND46, with only 14 genes altered between PND46 and PND90. Enrichment analyses indicated dynamic regulation of pathways related to proliferation, differentiation, lipid metabolism, and immune responses. In lipidomic analysis, 29/43 and 7/43 fatty acids differed significantly between PND21 - PND46 and PND46 - PND90, respectively. These results suggest that mammary gland development involves complex interactions between metabolic demands, hormonal regulation, and immune responses.

摘要

乳腺发育是一个复杂的过程，涉及上皮和基质成分在不同关键阶段，尤其是青春期前后的动态相互作用。虽然上皮组织的变化已有充分记录，但基质机制却了解较少。为了填补这一空白，本研究采用组织学、脂质组学和转录组学分析方法，研究大鼠青春期前（出生后第21天（PND21））、青春期前后（PND46）和成年期（PND90）乳腺中的分子和细胞动态变化。PND21时的上皮面积明显小于PND46和PND90时，且与PND46相比，PND21时的上皮复杂性更高。在PND21、PND46和PND90之间观察到脂肪细胞数量和大小存在显著差异。转录组分析显示，PND21和PND46之间有1563个基因发生了显著变化，而PND46和PND90之间只有14个基因发生了改变。富集分析表明，与增殖、分化、脂质代谢和免疫反应相关的信号通路受到动态调控。在脂质组分析中，PND21 - PND46和PND46 - PND90之间分别有29/43和7/43种脂肪酸存在显著差异。这些结果表明，乳腺发育涉及代谢需求、激素调节和免疫反应之间的复杂相互作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/96cf76771d28/41598_2025_97532_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/537fbc3c93c2/41598_2025_97532_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/5f3004b1db00/41598_2025_97532_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/34d2a5b774d2/41598_2025_97532_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/4cecaeecfceb/41598_2025_97532_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/7719f03c3a96/41598_2025_97532_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/a12768ec3011/41598_2025_97532_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/96cf76771d28/41598_2025_97532_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/537fbc3c93c2/41598_2025_97532_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/5f3004b1db00/41598_2025_97532_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/34d2a5b774d2/41598_2025_97532_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/4cecaeecfceb/41598_2025_97532_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/7719f03c3a96/41598_2025_97532_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/a12768ec3011/41598_2025_97532_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/bb0c/11986145/96cf76771d28/41598_2025_97532_Fig7_HTML.jpg

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引用本文的文献

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Apoptosis in the Mammary Gland of Virgin Rats Subchronically Fed With a Vitamin A Deficient Diet.

Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2025-7-14

本文引用的文献

[1]
KEGG: biological systems database as a model of the real world.

Nucleic Acids Res. 2025-1-6

[2]
A cell transcriptomic profile provides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development.

J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2023-10-8

[3]
Adipocyte-Derived Paracrine Factors Regulate the In Vitro Development of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Int J Mol Sci. 2023-8-28

[4]
Development of the mammary glands and its regulation: how not all species are equal.

Anim Front. 2023-6-14

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Fatty Acid Transport and Signaling: Mechanisms and Physiological Implications.

Annu Rev Physiol. 2023-2-10

[6]
Hormonal regulation of mammary gland development and lactation.

Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2023-1

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Role of lipidomics in assessing the functional lipid composition in breast milk.

Front Nutr. 2022-9-2

[8]
Gestational and Lactational Exposure to the Emergent Alternative Plasticizer 1,2-Cyclohexane Dicarboxylic Acid Diisononyl Ester (DINCH) Impairs Lipid Metabolism to a Greater Extent Than the Commonly Used Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in the Adult Rat Mammary Gland.

Toxicol Sci. 2022-9-24

[9]
Impact of Rat Exposure to 17Alpha-Ethinylestradiol or Genistein on Testicular Development and Germ Cell Gene Expression.

Front Toxicol. 2022-6-2

[10]
The Mammary Gland: Basic Structure and Molecular Signaling during Development.

Int J Mol Sci. 2022-3-31

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