Ali Eman T, Mohammed Ali N, Khudairi Amer S, Sulaiman Ghassan M, Mohammed Hamdoon A, Abomughayedh Ali M, Abomughaid Mosleh M
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy University of Basrah Basrah Iraq.
Rheumatology Department Alsayab Teaching Hospital Basrah Iraq.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 9;8(4):e70641. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70641. eCollection 2025 Apr.
Magnesium is essential for bone development and mineralization and may influence osteoporosis progression. However, its relationship with low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk is not well understood. This study aimed to identify the primary risk factors and the effect of magnesium deficiency on bone density in osteoporosis patients.
The study involved 162 adults categorized into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups, plus 50 healthy individuals. BMD of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and femur neck, body mass index, and T-scores were assessed via dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while serum magnesium, 25-(OH) Vitamin D3, inflammatory markers, and other clinical tests were measured. The results showed significant variations in BMD, T-scores, magnesium, and vitamin 25(OH)D levels.
Notably, osteoporosis patients exhibited a substantial decline in mean BMD along with an increase in mean T-scores. They also had significantly lower serum levels of magnesium, vitamin 25(OH)D, and calcium, compared to other groups, while parathyroid hormone levels slightly increased. Inflammatory markers were significantly elevated in osteoporosis patients. Magnesium and vitamin 25(OH)D showed an inverse relationship with T-scores and a direct positive correlation with BMD and bone mineral content. Additionally, a negative correlation between magnesium and inflammatory markers was observed. The findings highlighted a strong correlation between magnesium deficiency and osteoporosis, with a more significant odds ratio compared to factors like 25(OH)D, PTH, BMD, T-score, and calcium.
Magnesium deficiency has a more pronounced impact on bone health than vitamin D deficiency. Thus, magnesium deficiency emerges as a major risk factor for osteoporosis progression and a predictor of fracture incidence in patients with osteoporosis or osteopenia.
镁对于骨骼发育和矿化至关重要，可能会影响骨质疏松症的进展。然而，其与低骨密度（BMD）及骨折风险之间的关系尚未完全明确。本研究旨在确定骨质疏松症患者的主要风险因素以及镁缺乏对骨密度的影响。
该研究纳入了162名成年人，分为正常组、骨量减少组和骨质疏松组，另外还有50名健康个体。通过双能X线吸收法评估腰椎（L1-L4）和股骨颈的骨密度、体重指数和T值，同时测量血清镁、25-（OH）维生素D3、炎症标志物及其他临床指标。结果显示，骨密度、T值、镁和维生素25（OH）D水平存在显著差异。
值得注意的是，骨质疏松症患者的平均骨密度大幅下降，平均T值升高。与其他组相比，他们的血清镁、维生素25（OH）D和钙水平也显著降低，而甲状旁腺激素水平略有升高。骨质疏松症患者的炎症标志物显著升高。镁和维生素25（OH）D与T值呈负相关，与骨密度和骨矿物质含量呈直接正相关。此外，还观察到镁与炎症标志物之间存在负相关。研究结果突出了镁缺乏与骨质疏松症之间的强烈关联，与25（OH）D、甲状旁腺激素、骨密度、T值和钙等因素相比，其优势比更为显著。
镁缺乏对骨骼健康的影响比维生素D缺乏更为明显。因此，镁缺乏成为骨质疏松症进展的主要风险因素以及骨质疏松症或骨量减少患者骨折发生率的预测指标。
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