Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Bone. 2022 Jan;154:116233. doi: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116233. Epub 2021 Oct 16.
Magnesium plays a key role in bone health and may, therefore, represent an interesting nutrient for the prevention of bone loss and osteoporosis. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of magnesium intake from any source on bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone turnover markers, and fracture risk in older adults.
A systematic search was conducted using Embase, Medline Ovid and Cochrane Central from database inception to October 2020. All studies that related magnesium intake with bone health outcomes among adults aged ≥60 years were included. Two investigators independently conducted abstract and full-text screenings, data extractions, and risk of bias assessments. Authors were contacted for missing data.
Once 787 records were screened, six cohort studies, one case-control study and five cross-sectional studies were included. Qualitative evaluation demonstrated a positive trend between higher magnesium intake and higher hip and femoral neck BMD. Meta-analysis of four studies showed a significant positive association between magnesium intake and hip BMD (pooled beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06, p < 0.05).
This systematic review indicates that a higher magnesium intake may support an increase in hip and femoral neck BMD. Due to limited research no associations with BMD at other sites or fractures were found. There is a need for properly designed cohort studies to determine the association between magnesium intake and bone health in older adults. Next, large and long-term randomized controlled trials in older adults are needed to determine whether an increase in magnesium (supplementation) intake can improve bone health. The combination of several bone nutrients (calcium, vitamin D, protein, magnesium and potentially more) may be needed for the most optimal effect on bone health and to delay or prevent the development of osteoporosis.
镁在骨骼健康中起着关键作用，因此，它可能是预防骨质流失和骨质疏松症的一种有趣的营养物质。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是研究任何来源的镁摄入量对老年人骨密度（BMD）、骨矿物质含量（BMC）、骨转换标志物和骨折风险的影响。
从数据库建立到 2020 年 10 月，使用 Embase、Medline Ovid 和 Cochrane Central 进行了系统搜索。纳入了所有与 60 岁及以上成年人镁摄入量与骨骼健康结果相关的研究。两名调查员独立进行了摘要和全文筛选、数据提取和偏倚风险评估。对于缺失的数据，联系了作者。
筛选出 787 条记录后，纳入了 6 项队列研究、1 项病例对照研究和 5 项横断面研究。定性评价表明，较高的镁摄入量与较高的髋部和股骨颈 BMD 呈正相关趋势。四项研究的荟萃分析显示，镁摄入量与髋部 BMD 之间存在显著正相关（ pooled beta：0.03，95%CI：0.01-0.06，p<0.05）。
本系统评价表明，较高的镁摄入量可能有助于增加髋部和股骨颈 BMD。由于研究有限，没有发现与其他部位 BMD 或骨折的相关性。需要进行设计合理的队列研究，以确定老年人镁摄入量与骨骼健康之间的关系。接下来，需要在老年人中开展大型、长期的随机对照试验，以确定增加镁（补充）摄入量是否能改善骨骼健康。可能需要几种骨营养素（钙、维生素 D、蛋白质、镁和可能更多）的组合，以对骨骼健康产生最佳效果，并延迟或预防骨质疏松症的发展。
