A comparative evaluation of prosthetic and clinical outcomes influenced by two digitally fabricated extracoronal restorations: An onlay and a full crown: A prospective, cross-arch randomized study.

AIM

The aim of the study was to investigate and compare the prosthetic parameters, clinical indices, and survival rates of two digitally fabricated extracoronal restorations, namely an onlay and a full crown, at baseline, 1 year, and 2 years.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

This was a prospective clinical study conducted on endodontically treated posterior teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Endodontically treated posterior teeth (n = 15) present bilaterally in the mandibular arch were selected. Digitally fabricated lithium disilicate onlay and crown were placed on either side of the same arch after randomization. Clinical parameters and prosthetic characteristics (as per the modified United States Public Health Service criteria) were evaluated at baseline, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED

Data were descriptively examined. The results were evaluated using the Chi-square test and ANOVA. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05.

RESULTS

Full crowns showed a 100% survival rate, while onlays had an 83.3% survival rate, with a significant difference (P = 0.030, 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.12). Onlays exhibited significantly better periodontal outcomes, including lower bleeding on probing (P = 0.000), plaque index (P = 0.001), and probing pocket depth (P = 0.000) at 1 and 2 years. Marginal discoloration (20%) and marginal integrity loss (13.3%) were observed in onlays, with significant differences (P = 0.001). Both groups showed no fractures, secondary caries, or significant surface texture changes, and 100% patient satisfaction throughout.

CONCLUSION

In this clinical trial comparing lithium disilicate onlays and crowns for restoring posterior teeth following endodontic treatment, both options demonstrated satisfactory prosthetic parameters during subsequent follow-ups. However, marginal integrity and discoloration were more prevalent in the onlay group. Periodontal examination revealed that onlays exhibited superior periodontal outcomes compared to crowns, with full crowns showing greater periodontal damage at 1-year and 2-year follow-ups.